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High-fidelity mid-circuit measurements, which read out the state of specific qubits in a multiqubit processor without destroying them or disrupting their neighbors, are a critical component for useful quantum computing. They enable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-23 Daniel Hothem , Jordan Hines , Charles Baldwin , Dan Gresh , Robin Blume-Kohout , Timothy Proctor

Quantum computers have shown promise in improving algorithms in a variety of fields. The realization of these advancements is limited by the presence of noise and high error rates, which become prominent especially with increasing system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Melody Lee

Quantum processors require rapid and high-fidelity simultaneous measurements of many qubits. While superconducting qubits are among the leading modalities toward a useful quantum processor, their readout remains a bottleneck. Traditional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Robert Kent , Benjamin Lienhard , Gregory Lafyatis , Daniel J. Gauthier

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) algorithms require novel paradigms of error mitigation. To obtain noise-robust quantum computers, each logical qubit is equipped with hundreds or thousands of physical qubits. However, it is not…

Measurement is an essential component of quantum algorithms, and for superconducting qubits it is often the most error prone. Here, we demonstrate model-based readout optimization achieving low measurement errors while avoiding detrimental…

Superconducting qubits are among the most promising candidates for building quantum information processors. Yet, they are often limited by slow and error-prone qubit readout -- a critical factor in achieving high-fidelity operations. While…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Xiaorang Guo , Tigran Bunarjyan , Dai Liu , Benjamin Lienhard , Martin Schulz

Similar to reading the transistor state in classical computers, identifying the quantum bit (qubit) state is a fundamental operation to translate quantum information. However, identifying quantum state has been the slowest and most…

The use of a few intermediate qutrits for efficient decomposition of 3-qubit unitary gates has been proposed, to obtain an exponential reduction in the depth of the decomposed circuit. An intermediate qutrit implies that a qubit is operated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-13 Ritajit Majumdar , Amit Saha , Amlan Chakrabarti , Susmita Sur-Kolay

The performance of a wide range of quantum computing algorithms and protocols depends critically on the fidelity and speed of the employed qubit readout. Examples include gate sequences benefiting from mid-circuit, real-time,…

Demonstrating a quantum computational advantage will require high-fidelity control and readout of multi-qubit systems. As system size increases, multiplexed qubit readout becomes a practical necessity to limit the growth of resource…

Qubit measurement is generally the most error-prone operation that degrades the performance of near-term quantum devices, and the exponential decay of readout fidelity severely impedes the development of large-scale quantum information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Chen Ding , Xiao-Yue Xu , Yun-Fei Niu , Wan-Su Bao , He-Liang Huang

Reading a qubit is a fundamental operation in quantum computing. It translates quantum information into classical information enabling subsequent classification to assign the qubit states `0' or `1'. Unfortunately, qubit readout is one of…

Quantum technologies rely heavily on accurate control and reliable readout of quantum systems. Current experiments are limited by numerous sources of noise that can only be partially captured by simple analytical models and additional…

Quantum computing devices are inevitably subject to errors. To leverage quantum technologies for computational benefits in practical applications, quantum algorithms and protocols must be implemented reliably under noise and imperfections.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-18 Jihye Kim , Byungdu Oh , Yonuk Chong , Euyheon Hwang , Daniel K. Park

Error mitigation has enabled quantum computing applications with over one hundred qubits and deep circuits. The most general error mitigation methods rely on a faithful characterization of the noise channels of the hardware. However,…

Current quantum computing platforms suffer from readout errors, where faulty measurement outcomes are reported by the device. These errors are particularly harmful in quantum programs that rely on branch statements wherein operations in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Jin Ming Koh , Dax Enshan Koh , Jayne Thompson

Medium-scale ensembles of coupled qubits offer a platform for near-term quantum technologies including computing, sensing, and the study of mesoscopic quantum systems. Atom-like emitters in solids have emerged as promising quantum memories,…

Quantum measurements are a fundamental component of quantum computing. However, on modern-day quantum computers, measurements can be more error prone than quantum gates, and are susceptible to non-unital errors as well as non-local…

Designing quantum systems with the measurement speed and accuracy needed for quantum error correction using superconducting qubits requires iterative design and test informed by accurate models and characterization tools. We introduce a…

Identifying the state of a quantum bit (qubit), known as quantum state discrimination, is a crucial operation in quantum computing. However, it has been the most error-prone and time-consuming operation on superconducting quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Anastasiia Butko , Artem Marisov , David I. Santiago , Irfan Siddiqi
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