Related papers: EU law and emotion data

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) remains the gold standard in privacy and security regulation. We investigate how the cost and effort required to implement GDPR is viewed by workers who have also experienced the regulations'…

In a world where technology is increasingly embedded in our everyday experiences, systems that sense and respond to human emotions are elevating digital interaction. At the intersection of artificial intelligence and human-computer…

Many countries use automated decision-making (ADM) systems, often based on artificial intelligence (AI), to manage migration at their borders. This interdisciplinary paper explores two questions. What are the main ways that automated…

Emotions are usually evoked in humans by images. Recently, extensive research efforts have been dedicated to understanding the emotions of images. In this chapter, we aim to introduce image emotion analysis (IEA) from a computational…

Personalization should take the human person seriously. This requires a deeper understanding of how recommender systems can shape both our self-understanding and identity. We unpack key European humanistic and philosophical ideas underlying…

The recently introduced General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requires that when obtaining information online that could be used to identify individuals, their consents must be obtained. Among other things, this affects many common…

The EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) came into force in the European Union (EU) on 1 August 2024. It is a key piece of legislation both for the citizens at the heart of AI technologies and for the industry active in the internal…

This paper presents an innovative approach to address the problems researchers face in Emotion Aware Recommender Systems (EARS): the difficulty and cumbersome collecting voluminously good quality emotion-tagged datasets and an effective way…

Fairness monitoring is critical for detecting algorithmic bias, as mandated by the EU AI Act. Since such monitoring requires sensitive user data (e.g., ethnicity), the AI Act permits its processing only with strict privacy measures, such as…

Affective Computing (AC) has enabled Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems to recognise, interpret, and respond to human emotions - a capability also known as Artificial Emotional Intelligence (AEI). It is increasingly seen as an important…

We increasingly rely on digital services and the conveniences they provide. Processing of personal data is integral to such services and thus privacy and data protection are a growing concern, and governments have responded with regulations…

When does a digital image resemble reality? The relevance of this question increases as the generation of synthetic images -- so called deep fakes -- becomes increasingly popular. Deep fakes have gained much attention for a number of…

In recent years, more and more researchers have reflected on the undervaluation of emotion in data visualization and highlighted the importance of considering human emotion in visualization design. Meanwhile, an increasing number of studies…

As concerns about unfairness and discrimination in "black box" machine learning systems rise, a legal "right to an explanation" has emerged as a compellingly attractive approach for challenge and redress. We outline recent debates on the…

In recent years, our society is being plagued by unprecedented levels of privacy and security breaches. To rein in this trend, the European Union, in 2018, introduced a comprehensive legislation called the General Data Protection Regulation…

EU data localization regulations limit data transfers to non-EU countries with the GDPR. However, BGP, DNS and other Internet protocols were not designed to enforce jurisdictional constraints, so implementing data localization is…

Empirical evidence suggests that algorithmic decisions driven by Machine Learning (ML) techniques threaten to discriminate against legally protected groups or create new sources of unfairness. This work supports the contextual approach to…

This paper explores the importance of accountability to data protection, and how it can be built into the Internet of Things (IoT). The need to build accountability into the IoT is motivated by the opaque nature of distributed data flows,…

This paper presents the risks and opportunities of big data and the potential social benefits it can bring. The research is based on an analysis of the societal impacts observed in a set of six case studies across different European…

We propose two face representations that are blind to facial expressions associated to emotional responses. This work is in part motivated by new international regulations for personal data protection, which enforce data controllers to…