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Large Language models (LLMs) have shown promise as generators of symbolic control policies, producing interpretable program-like representations through iterative search. However, these models are not capable of separating the functional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Carlo Bosio , Matteo Guarrera , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli , Mark W. Mueller

Text classification is a fundamental task in natural language processing (NLP), and large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their capability to perform this task across various domains. However, the performance of LLMs heavily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Mohammad Mahdi Mohajeri , Mohammad Javad Dousti , Majid Nili Ahmadabadi

Large pre-trained language models such as GPT-3, Codex, and Google's language model are now capable of generating code from natural language specifications of programmer intent. We view these developments with a mixture of optimism and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Naman Jain , Skanda Vaidyanath , Arun Iyer , Nagarajan Natarajan , Suresh Parthasarathy , Sriram Rajamani , Rahul Sharma

Large Language Models (LLMs) are nowadays extensively used for various types of software engineering tasks, primarily code generation. Previous research has shown how suitable prompt engineering could help developers in improving their code…

Symbolic execution is an important software analysis technique which benefits downstream tasks such as software testing and debugging. However, several limitations hinder symbolic execution from application on real-world software. One of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Wenhan Wang , Kaibo Liu , Zeyu Sun , An Ran Chen , Ge Li , Gang Huang , Lei Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used for automated code generation, yet their apparent successes often mask a tension between pretraining objectives and alignment choices. While pretraining encourages models to exploit all available…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Oussama Ben Sghaier , Kevin Delcourt , Houari Sahraoui

Recent multilingual pretrained language models (mPLMs) often avoid using language embeddings -- learnable vectors assigned to individual languages. However, this places a significant burden on token representations to encode all…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Yihong Liu , Haotian Ye , Chunlan Ma , Mingyang Wang , Hinrich Schütze

Program semantics learning is the core and fundamental for various code intelligent tasks e.g., vulnerability detection, clone detection. A considerable amount of existing works propose diverse approaches to learn the program semantics for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Jing Kai Siow , Shangqing Liu , Xiaofei Xie , Guozhu Meng , Yang Liu

General large language models (LLMs), represented by ChatGPT, have demonstrated significant potential in tasks such as code generation in software engineering. This has led to the development of specialized LLMs for software engineering,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Zibin Zheng , Kaiwen Ning , Yanlin Wang , Jingwen Zhang , Dewu Zheng , Mingxi Ye , Jiachi Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have become proficient at sophisticated code-generation tasks, yet remain ineffective at reliably detecting or avoiding code vulnerabilities. Does this deficiency stem from insufficient learning about code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Weichen Yu , Ravi Mangal , Terry Zhuo , Matt Fredrikson , Corina S. Pasareanu

Large language models (LLMs) can generate code from natural language descriptions. Their performance is typically evaluated using programming benchmarks that simulate real-world tasks. These benchmarks provide specifications in the form of…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Shuning Zhang , Yongjoo Park

Code search is an important information retrieval application. Benefits of better code search include faster new developer on-boarding, reduced software maintenance, and ease of understanding for large repositories. Despite improvements in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Lucas Roberts , Denisa Roberts

Natural language processing for programming aims to use NLP techniques to assist programming. It is increasingly prevalent for its effectiveness in improving productivity. Distinct from natural language, a programming language is highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Qingfu Zhu , Xianzhen Luo , Fang Liu , Cuiyun Gao , Wanxiang Che

We propose LangProp, a framework for iteratively optimizing code generated by large language models (LLMs), in both supervised and reinforcement learning settings. While LLMs can generate sensible coding solutions zero-shot, they are often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Shu Ishida , Gianluca Corrado , George Fedoseev , Hudson Yeo , Lloyd Russell , Jamie Shotton , João F. Henriques , Anthony Hu

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is a critical component in online learning, but traditional approaches face limitations in interpretability and cross-domain adaptability. This paper introduces Language Model-based Code Knowledge Tracing (CodeLKT),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Unggi Lee , Jiyeong Bae , Yeonji Jung , Minji Kang , Gyuri Byun , Yeonseo Lee , Dohee Kim , Sookbun Lee , Jaekwon Park , Taekyung Ahn , Gunho Lee , Hyeoncheol Kim

(Source) code summarization is the task of automatically generating natural language summaries (also called comments) for given code snippets. Recently, with the successful application of large language models (LLMs) in numerous fields,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Tingting Xu , Yun Miao , Chunrong Fang , Hanwei Qian , Xia Feng , Zhenpeng Chen , Chong Wang , Jian Zhang , Weisong Sun , Zhenyu Chen , Yang Liu

Language models (LMs) are pretrained to imitate internet text, including content that would violate human preferences if generated by an LM: falsehoods, offensive comments, personally identifiable information, low-quality or buggy code, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Tomasz Korbak , Kejian Shi , Angelica Chen , Rasika Bhalerao , Christopher L. Buckley , Jason Phang , Samuel R. Bowman , Ethan Perez

Pre-trained models have been shown effective in many code intelligence tasks. These models are pre-trained on large-scale unlabeled corpus and then fine-tuned in downstream tasks. However, as the inputs to pre-training and downstream tasks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Chaozheng Wang , Yuanhang Yang , Cuiyun Gao , Yun Peng , Hongyu Zhang , Michael R. Lyu

Code summarization and generation empower conversion between programming language (PL) and natural language (NL), while code translation avails the migration of legacy code from one PL to another. This paper introduces PLBART, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Wasi Uddin Ahmad , Saikat Chakraborty , Baishakhi Ray , Kai-Wei Chang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code generation tasks. However, a gap remains between their output and the problem-solving strategies of human developers. Unlike humans, who spend substantial time…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Jie JW Wu , Manav Chaudhary , Davit Abrahamyan , Arhaan Khaku , Anjiang Wei , Fatemeh H. Fard