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This paper tackles the challenge of teaching code semantics to Large Language Models (LLMs) for program analysis by incorporating code symmetries into the model architecture. We introduce a group-theoretic framework that defines code…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Kexin Pei , Weichen Li , Qirui Jin , Shuyang Liu , Scott Geng , Lorenzo Cavallaro , Junfeng Yang , Suman Jana

Causal reasoning, the ability to identify cause-and-effect relationship, is crucial in human thinking. Although large language models (LLMs) succeed in many NLP tasks, it is still challenging for them to conduct complex causal reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Xiao Liu , Da Yin , Chen Zhang , Yansong Feng , Dongyan Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable capabilities in following human instructions. However, recent studies have raised concerns about the robustness of LLMs when prompted with instructions combining textual adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Yuansen Zhang , Xiao Wang , Zhiheng Xi , Han Xia , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

The trade-off between expressiveness and interpretability remains a core challenge when building human-centric predictive models for classification and decision-making. While symbolic rules offer interpretability, they often lack…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Ruochen Wang , Si Si , Felix Yu , Dorothea Wiesmann , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Inderjit Dhillon

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) on a diverse array of tasks has become a common approach for building models that can solve various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, where and to what extent these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Zheng Zhao , Yftah Ziser , Shay B. Cohen

Recent work has provided indirect evidence that pretraining language models on code improves the ability of models to track state changes of discourse entities expressed in natural language. In this work, we systematically test this claim…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Najoung Kim , Sebastian Schuster , Shubham Toshniwal

Machine learning models trained on code and related artifacts offer valuable support for software maintenance but suffer from interpretability issues due to their complex internal variables. These concerns are particularly significant in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Vahid Majdinasab , Amin Nikanjam , Foutse Khomh

Text representation plays a critical role in tasks like clustering, retrieval, and other downstream applications. With the emergence of large language models (LLMs), there is increasing interest in harnessing their capabilities for this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Yeqin Zhang , Yizheng Zhao , Chen Hu , Binxing Jiao , Daxin Jiang , Ruihang Miao , Cam-Tu Nguyen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional static program analysis methods, such as symbolic execution, offering the ability to reason over code directly without relying on theorem provers or SMT…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yihe Li , Ruijie Meng , Gregory J. Duck

Large pre-trained language models have recently been expanded and applied to programming language tasks with great success, often through further pre-training of a strictly-natural language model--where training sequences typically contain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Fenia Christopoulou , Guchun Zhang , Gerasimos Lampouras

Since the introduction of Large Language Models (LLMs), they have been widely adopted for various tasks such as text summarization, question answering, speech-to-text translation, and more. In recent times, the use of LLMs for code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Krishna Vamshi Bodla , Haizhao Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in the realm of natural language understanding and programming code processing tasks. Their capacity to comprehend and generate human-like code has spurred research into…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Chongzhou Fang , Ning Miao , Shaurya Srivastav , Jialin Liu , Ruoyu Zhang , Ruijie Fang , Asmita , Ryan Tsang , Najmeh Nazari , Han Wang , Houman Homayoun

Classical models for supervised machine learning, such as decision trees, are efficient and interpretable predictors, but their quality is highly dependent on the particular choice of input features. Although neural networks can learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Gabriel Poesia , Georgia Gabriela Sampaio

The objective of pre-trained language models is to learn contextual representations of textual data. Pre-trained language models have become mainstream in natural language processing and code modeling. Using probes, a technique to study the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-13 José Antonio Hernández López , Martin Weyssow , Jesús Sánchez Cuadrado , Houari Sahraoui

Large language models (LLMs) achieve high pass rates on code generation benchmarks, yet whether they can transfer this ability to languages absent from pretraining remains poorly understood. We introduce PyLang, a minimal imperative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Vinayshekhar Bannihatti Kumar , Disha Makhija , Manoj Ghuhan Arivazhagan , Rashmi Gangadharaiah

Code Large Language Models (Code LLMs) have opened a new era in programming with their impressive capabilities. However, recent research has revealed critical limitations in their ability to reason about runtime behavior and understand the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Jian Wang , Xiaofei Xie , Qiang Hu , Shangqing Liu , Yi Li

Although large language models (LLMs) show promising potential in code translation, they still struggle to generate accurate translations using the commonly adopted direct code-to-code translation approach, which converts an original…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Songqiang Chen , Congying Xu , Jingyi Chen , Jialun Cao , Jiarong Wu , Shing-Chi Cheung

Reasoning about code and explaining its purpose are fundamental skills for computer scientists. There has been extensive research in the field of computing education on the relationship between a student's ability to explain code and other…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Juho Leinonen , Paul Denny , Stephen MacNeil , Sami Sarsa , Seth Bernstein , Joanne Kim , Andrew Tran , Arto Hellas

Despite great advances in program synthesis techniques, they remain algorithmic black boxes. Although they guarantee that when synthesis is successful, the implementation satisfies the specification, they provide no additional information…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Amirmohammad Nazari , Souti Chattopadhyay , Swabha Swayamdipta , Mukund Raghothaman

Code translation tools (transpilers) are developed for automatic source-to-source translation. Although learning-based transpilers have shown impressive enhancement against rule-based counterparts, owing to their task-specific pre-training…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Zhen Yang , Fang Liu , Zhongxing Yu , Jacky Wai Keung , Jia Li , Shuo Liu , Yifan Hong , Xiaoxue Ma , Zhi Jin , Ge Li