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Related papers: RADE: Reference-Assisted Dialogue Evaluation for O…

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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge to answer questions more accurately. However, research on evaluating RAG systems-particularly the retriever component-remains limited, as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lorenz Brehme , Thomas Ströhle , Ruth Breu

While Conversational Recommender Systems (CRS) have matured technically, they frequently lack principled methods for encoding latent experiential aims as adaptive state variables. Consequently, contemporary architectures often prioritise…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Raj Mahmud , Shlomo Berkovsky , Mukesh Prasad , A. Baki Kocaballi

Evaluating the quality of open-domain chatbots has become increasingly reliant on LLMs acting as automatic judges. However, existing meta-evaluation benchmarks are static, outdated, and lacking in multilingual coverage, limiting their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 John Mendonça , Alon Lavie , Isabel Trancoso

Although human evaluation remains the gold standard for open-domain dialogue evaluation, the growing popularity of automated evaluation using Large Language Models (LLMs) has also extended to dialogue. However, most frameworks leverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 John Mendonça , Isabel Trancoso , Alon Lavie

Recently, utilizing deep neural networks to build the opendomain dialogue models has become a hot topic. However, the responses generated by these models suffer from many problems such as responses not being contextualized and tend to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Mengjuan Liu , Chenyang Liu , Yunfan Yang , Jiang Liu , Mohan Jing

Neural task-oriented dialogue systems often struggle to smoothly interface with a knowledge base. In this work, we seek to address this problem by proposing a new neural dialogue agent that is able to effectively sustain grounded,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-17 Mihail Eric , Christopher D. Manning

Open Domain dialog system evaluation is one of the most important challenges in dialog research. Existing automatic evaluation metrics, such as BLEU are mostly reference-based. They calculate the difference between the generated response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Weixin Liang , James Zou , Zhou Yu

Open-domain dialogue systems have started to engage in continuous conversations with humans. Those dialogue systems are required to be adjusted to the human interlocutor and evaluated in terms of their perspective. However, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Yuma Tsuta , Naoki Yoshinaga , Shoetsu Sato , Masashi Toyoda

Multi-turn jailbreak attacks simulate real-world human interactions by engaging large language models (LLMs) in iterative dialogues, exposing critical safety vulnerabilities. However, existing methods often struggle to balance semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Zonghao Ying , Deyue Zhang , Zonglei Jing , Yisong Xiao , Quanchen Zou , Aishan Liu , Siyuan Liang , Xiangzheng Zhang , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

Real human conversation data are complicated, heterogeneous, and noisy, from which building open-domain dialogue systems remains a challenging task. In fact, such dialogue data still contains a wealth of information and knowledge, however,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Yihe Wang , Yitong Li , Yasheng Wang , Fei Mi , Pingyi Zhou , Xin Wang , Jin Liu , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Effective evaluation methods remain a significant challenge for research on open-domain conversational dialogue systems. Explicit satisfaction ratings can be elicited from users, but users often do not provide ratings when asked, and those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Cat P. Le , Luke Dai , Michael Johnston , Yang Liu , Marilyn Walker , Reza Ghanadan

Evaluating conversational AI systems that use external tools is challenging, as errors can arise from complex interactions among user, agent, and tools. While existing evaluation methods assess either user satisfaction or agents'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Zhaoyi Joey Hou , Tanya Shourya , Yingfan Wang , Shamik Roy , Vinayshekhar Bannihatti Kumar , Rashmi Gangadharaiah

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) system is designed to accomplish user-defined tasks through dialogues. The TOD system has progressed towards end-to-end modeling by leveraging pre-trained large language models. Fine-tuning the pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Dharmendra Prajapat , Durga Toshniwal

How can we train a dialog model to produce better conversations by learning from human feedback, without the risk of humans teaching it harmful chat behaviors? We start by hosting models online, and gather human feedback from real-time,…

Reward learning enables the application of reinforcement learning (RL) to tasks where reward is defined by human judgment, building a model of reward by asking humans questions. Most work on reward learning has used simulated environments,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Daniel M. Ziegler , Nisan Stiennon , Jeffrey Wu , Tom B. Brown , Alec Radford , Dario Amodei , Paul Christiano , Geoffrey Irving

Dialog policy decides what and how a task-oriented dialog system will respond, and plays a vital role in delivering effective conversations. Many studies apply Reinforcement Learning to learn a dialog policy with the reward function which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-29 Ryuichi Takanobu , Hanlin Zhu , Minlie Huang

Encoder-decoder based neural architectures serve as the basis of state-of-the-art approaches in end-to-end open domain dialog systems. Since most of such systems are trained with a maximum likelihood~(MLE) objective they suffer from issues…

While dialogue remains an important end-goal of natural language research, the difficulty of evaluation is an oft-quoted reason why it remains troublesome to make real progress towards its solution. Evaluation difficulties are actually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Margaret Li , Jason Weston , Stephen Roller

Open-domain neural dialogue models have achieved high performance in response ranking and evaluation tasks. These tasks are formulated as a binary classification of responses given in a dialogue context, and models generally learn to make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Prakhar Gupta , Yulia Tsvetkov , Jeffrey P. Bigham

Automatically evaluating the quality of responses in open-domain dialogue systems is a challenging but crucial task. Current evaluation metrics often fail to align with human judgments, especially when assessing responses that are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Tao Feng , Lizhen Qu , Xiaoxi Kang , Gholamreza Haffari