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We suggest using Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) to be used, not only to keep the privacy of information but also, to verify computations with no additional significant overhead, using only part of the variables length for verification.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Shlomi Dolev , Arseni Kalma

Diffusion large language models generate text through multi-step denoising, where hallucination signals may emerge throughout the trajectory rather than only in the final output. Existing detectors mainly rely on output uncertainty or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Guoshenghui Zhao , Tan Yu , Weijie Zhao

Software testing and verification are critical for ensuring the reliability and security of modern software systems. Traditionally, formal verification techniques, such as model checking and theorem proving, have provided rigorous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Norbert Tihanyi , Tamas Bisztray , Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Bilel Cherif , Richard A. Dubniczky , Ridhi Jain , Lucas C. Cordeiro

This paper presents pragmatic solutions for verifying complex mathematical algorithms implemented in hardware in an efficient and effective manner. Maximizing leverage of a known-answer-test strategy, based on predefined data scenarios…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Mark Litterick , Aleksandar Ivankovic , Bojan Arsov , Aman Kumar

The rapid growth of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has brought embedded systems into focus as major targets for both security analysts and malicious adversaries. Due to the non-standard hardware and diverse software, embedded…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Mingfeng Xin , Hui Wen , Liting Deng , Hong Li , Qiang Li , Limin Sun

Data protection is a severe constraint in the heterogeneous IoT era. This article presents a Hardware-Software Co-Simulation of AES-128 bit encryption and decryption for IoT Edge devices using the Xilinx System Generator (XSG). VHDL…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Kusum Lata , Surbhi Chhabra , Sandeep Saini

We extend a semantic verification framework for hybrid systems with the Isabelle/HOL proof assistant by an algebraic model for hybrid program stores, a shallow expression model for hybrid programs and their correctness specifications, and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Simon Foster , Jonathan Julián Huerta y Munive , Mario Gleirscher , Georg Struth

This paper presents a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) verification system for intelligent, camera-based in-body medical devices. A case study of a Video Capsule Endoscopy (VCE) prototype is used to illustrate the system's functionality. The…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-29 Oliver Bause , Julia Werner , Oliver Bringmann

It has been a long standing problem to securely outsource computation tasks to an untrusted party with integrity and confidentiality guarantees. While fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is a promising technique that allows computations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Wenhao Wang , Yichen Jiang , Qintao Shen , Weihao Huang , Hao Chen , Shuang Wang , XiaoFeng Wang , Haixu Tang , Kai Chen , Kristin Lauter , Dongdai Lin

High-level synthesis (HLS) transforms an algorithmic description of hardware from a higher abstraction (e.g., C/C++) into a register-transfer level (RTL) design, offering reduced development time and greater flexibility in design space…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Xiaofeng Zhou , Linfeng Du , Guangyu Hu , Sharad Sinha , Hongce Zhang , Wei Zhang

Safety validation is a crucial component in the development and deployment of autonomous systems, such as self-driving vehicles and robotic systems. Ensuring safe operation necessitates extensive testing and verification of control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-11 Ali Baheri , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Recently a lot of multimedia applications are emerging on portable appliances. They require both the flexibility of upgradeable devices (traditionally software based) and a powerful computing engine (typically hardware). In this context,…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2011-11-09 M. Borgatti , A. Capello , U. Rossi , J. -L. Lambert , I. Moussa , F. Fummi , G. Pravadelli

Firmware serves as the critical interface between hardware and software in computing systems, making any bugs or vulnerabilities particularly dangerous as they can cause catastrophic system failures. While fuzzing is a promising approach…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Dakshina Tharindu , Aruna Jayasena , Prabhat Mishra

Hardware/Software (HW/SW) interfaces, mostly implemented as devices and device drivers, are pervasive in various computer systems. Nowadays HW/SW interfaces typically undergo intensive testing and validation before release, but they are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Li Lei , Kai Cong , Zhenkun Yang , Bo Chen , Fei Xie

Verification of microkernels, device drivers, and crypto routines requires analyses at the binary level. In order to automate these analyses, in the last years several binary analysis platforms have been introduced. These platforms share a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Andreas Lindner , Roberto Guanciale , Roberto Metere

Electronic control systems are becoming more and more complicated, which makes it difficult to test them sufficiently only through experiments. Simulation is an efficient way in the development and testing of complex electronic systems, but…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-10 Xunhua Dai , Chenxu Ke , Quan Quan , Kai-Yuan Cai

Hoare-style verification provides a principled foundation for reasoning about the correctness of quantum programs, but existing approaches do not allow fully automatic verification. While automata-based verification scales well when…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Wei-Lun Tsai , Yu-Fang Chen , Ondřej Lengál

The globalization of the semiconductor industry has introduced security challenges to Integrated Circuits (ICs), particularly those related to the threat of Hardware Trojans (HTs) - malicious logic that can be introduced during IC…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Mohammad Eslami , Tara Ghasempouri , Samuel Pagliarini

As hardware design complexity increases, hardware fuzzing emerges as a promising tool for automating the verification process. However, a significant gap still exists before it can be applied in industry. This paper aims to summarize the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Ruiyang Ma , Tianhao Wei , Jiaxi Zhang , Chun Yang , Jiangfang Yi , Guojie Luo

Globalization in the semiconductor industry enables fabless design houses to reduce their costs, save time, and make use of newer technologies. However, the offshoring of Integrated Circuit (IC) fabrication has negative sides, including…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Mohammad Eslami , Tara Ghasempouri , Samuel Pagliarini