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Software safety is a crucial aspect during the development of modern safety-critical systems. Software is becoming responsible for most of the critical functions of systems. Therefore, the software components in the systems need to be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-12-12 Asim Abdulkhaleq , Stefan Wagner

Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) are long-living and mechatronic systems, which include mechanics, electrics/electronics and software. The interdisciplinary nature combined with challenges and trends in the context of Industry 4.0…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Birgit Vogel-Heuser , Juliane Fischer , Dieter Hess , Eva-Maria Neumann , Marcus Wuerr

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) operate in dynamic environments, leading to different types of uncertainty. This work provides a comprehensive review of uncertainty representations and categorizes them based on the dimensions used to represent…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-01 Johannes Mäkelburg , Diego Perez-Palacin , Raffaela Mirandola , Maribel Acosta

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are required to operate safely under fault and malicious attacks. The simplex architecture and the recently proposed cyber resilient architectures, e.g., Byzantine fault tolerant++ (BFT++), provide safety for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-02 Luyao Niu , Abdullah Al Maruf , Andrew Clark , J. Sukarno Mertoguno , Radha Poovendran

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) embed software into the physical world. They appear in a wide range of applications such as smart grids, robotics, intelligent manufacture and medical monitoring. CPSs have proved resistant to modeling due to…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Ye Yuan , Xiuchuan Tang , Wei Pan , Xiuting Li , Wei Zhou , Hai-Tao Zhang , Han Ding , Jorge Goncalves

In an increasingly interconnected world, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are essential to critical industries like healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing, merging physical processes with computational intelligence. However, the security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Danial Abshari , Meera Sridhar

Probabilistic and stochastic behavior are omnipresent in computer controlled systems, in particular, so-called safety-critical hybrid systems, because of fundamental properties of nature, uncertain environments, or simplifications to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-09-08 Yu Peng , Shuling Wang , Naijun Zhan , Lijun Zhang

Collaborative problem solving (CPS) competence is considered one of the essential 21st-century skills. To facilitate the assessment and learning of CPS competence, researchers have proposed a series of frameworks to conceptualize CPS and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Mengxiao Zhu , Xin Wang , Xiantao Wang , Zihang Chen , Wei Huang

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) incorporate the complex and large-scale engineered systems behind critical infrastructure operations, such as water distribution networks, energy delivery systems, healthcare services, manufacturing systems, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Charalambos Konstantinou , George Stergiopoulos , Masood Parvania , Paulo Esteves-Verissimo

Virtualization of computing and networking, IT-OT convergence, cybersecurity and AI-based enhancement of autonomy are significantly increasing the complexity of CPS and CPSoS. New challenges have emerged to demonstrate that these systems…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-28 Emmanuel Ledinot

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) play a critical role in modern industrial domains, including manufacturing, energy, transportation, and healthcare, where they enable automation, optimization, and real-time decision-making. Ensuring the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Christophe Ponsard , Abiola Paterne Chokki , Jean-François Daune

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) such as autonomous cars, aircraft, and robots are often also safety-critical; thus it is imperative that they operate as intended with a high degree of certainty. Formal verification has been employed to verify…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Serra Z. Dane , Jiawei Chen , Marc Pouzet , Jean-Baptiste Jeannin

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) tightly interconnect digital and physical operations within production environments, enabling real-time monitoring, control, optimization, and autonomous decision-making that directly enhance manufacturing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Francesco Vitale , Nicola Dall'Ora , Sebastiano Gaiardelli , Enrico Fraccaroli , Nicola Mazzocca , Franco Fummi

Modern cyber-physical systems (CPS) have a close inter-dependence between software and physical components. Automotive embedded systems are typical CPS, as physical chips, sensors and actuators are physical components and software embedded…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-03-17 Yuchen Zhou , John Baras , Shige Wang

In Model-Based Design of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), it is often desirable to develop several models of varying fidelity. Models of different fidelity levels can enable mathematical analysis of the model, control synthesis, faster…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-06-03 Houssam Abbas , Bardh Hoxha , Georgios Fainekos , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , James Kapinski , Koichi Ueda

A challenge is to develop cyber-physical system scenarios that reflect the diversity and complexity of real-life cyber-physical systems in the research questions that they address. Time-bounded collaborative events, such as hackathons, jams…

We present a simulation-based approach for generating barrier certificate functions for safety verification of cyber-physical systems (CPS) that contain neural network-based controllers. A linear programming solver is utilized to find a…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Cumhur Erkan Tuncali , James Kapinski , Hisahiro Ito , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) integrate sensing, communication, computation, and control to support critical infrastructure, including smart grids, industrial automation, and control systems. In the electrical utility domain, various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Abile Jean , Kuniyilh S

Ensuring the safety and efficacy of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) is challenging due to the large variability of their operating environment. Model checking has been proposed for validation of CPSs, but the models of the environment are…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Guangyao Chen , Zhihao Jiang

The aim of this study is to present an overview of current research on modelling, evaluation, and optimization methods for improving the reliability of Cyber-Physical System (CPS). Three major modelling approaches, namely analytical,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-17 Moslem Uddin , Huadong Mo , Daoyi Dong