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Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) are fundamental to quantum machine learning (QML), quantum optimization, and variational quantum algorithms (VQAs). The expressibility of PQCs is a measure that determines their capability to harness…

The output prediction of quantum circuits is a formidably challenging task imperative in developing quantum devices. Motivated by the natural graph representation of quantum circuits, this paper proposes a Graph Neural Networks (GNNs)-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Yuxiang Liu , Fanxu Meng , Lu Wang , Yi Hu , Zaichen Zhang , Xutao Yu

The growing variety of quantum hardware technologies, each with unique peculiarities such as connectivity and native gate sets, creates challenges when selecting the best platform for executing a specific quantum circuit. This selection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-29 Antonio Tudisco , Deborah Volpe , Giacomo Orlandi , Giovanna Turvani

Expressibility is a crucial factor of a Parameterized Quantum Circuit (PQC). In the context of Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQA) based Quantum Machine Learning (QML), a QML model composed of highly expressible PQC and sufficient number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-12 Yu Liu , Kentaro Baba , Kazuya Kaneko , Naoyuki Takeda , Junpei Koyama , Koichi Kimura

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) have emerged as a promising approach for quantum neural networks. However, understanding their expressive power in accomplishing machine learning tasks remains a crucial question. This paper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-10 Zhan Yu , Qiuhao Chen , Yuling Jiao , Yinan Li , Xiliang Lu , Xin Wang , Jerry Zhijian Yang

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) have been broadly used as a hybrid quantum-classical machine learning scheme to accomplish generative tasks. However, whether PQCs have better expressive power than classical generative neural networks,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-29 Yuxuan Du , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Tongliang Liu , Dacheng Tao

Quantum neural networks (QNNs), represented by parameterized quantum circuits, can be trained in the paradigm of supervised learning to map input data to predictions. Much work has focused on theoretically analyzing the expressive power of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-17 Yalin Liao , Junpeng Zhan

To demonstrate supremacy of quantum computing, increasingly large-scale superconducting quantum computing chips are being designed and fabricated. However, the complexity of simulating quantum systems poses a significant challenge to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-25 Hao Ai , Yu-xi Liu

Recent work has begun to explore the potential of parametrized quantum circuits (PQCs) as general function approximators. In this work, we propose a quantum-classical deep network structure to enhance classical CNN model discriminability.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-10 Tong Dou , Guofeng Zhang , Wei Cui

Parameterized quantum circuits play an essential role in the performance of many variational hybrid quantum-classical (HQC) algorithms. One challenge in implementing such algorithms is to choose an effective circuit that well represents the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-15 Sukin Sim , Peter D. Johnson , Alan Aspuru-Guzik

Are multi-layer parameterized quantum circuits (MPQCs) more expressive than classical neural networks (NNs)? How, why, and in what aspects? In this work, we survey and develop intuitive insights into the expressive power of MPQCs in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-14 Pengyuan Zhai

While scalable error correction schemes and fault tolerant quantum computing seem not to be universally accessible in the near sight, the efforts of many researchers have been directed to the exploration of the contemporary available…

Accurately predicting a quantum computer's capability -- which circuits it can run and how well it can run them -- is a foundational goal of quantum characterization and benchmarking. As modern quantum computers become increasingly hard to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-24 Daniel Hothem , Kevin Young , Tommie Catanach , Timothy Proctor

Quadratic programming (QP) is the most widely applied category of problems in nonlinear programming. Many applications require real-time/fast solutions, though not necessarily with high precision. Existing methods either involve matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ziang Chen , Xiaohan Chen , Jialin Liu , Xinshang Wang , Wotao Yin

Whether parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) can be systematically constructed to be both trainable and expressive remains an open question. Highly expressive PQCs often exhibit barren plateaus, while several trainable alternatives admit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Peter Röseler , Dennis Willsch , Kristel Michielsen

Parameterized Quantum Circuits (PQC) are drawing increasing research interest thanks to its potential to achieve quantum advantages on near-term Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware. In order to achieve scalable PQC learning,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Hanrui Wang , Zirui Li , Jiaqi Gu , Yongshan Ding , David Z. Pan , Song Han

Quantum Graph Neural Networks (QGNNs) offer a promising approach to combining quantum computing with graph-structured data processing. While classical Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are scalable and robust, existing QGNNs often lack…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Arthur M. Faria , Ignacio F. Graña , Savvas Varsamopoulos

Quantum neural networks (QNNs), as currently formulated, are near-term quantum machine learning architectures that leverage parameterized quantum circuits with the aim of improving upon the performance of their classical counterparts. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Marco Maronese , Francesco Ferrari , Matteo Vandelli , Daniele Dragoni

Deep convolutional neural network (CNN) training via iterative optimization has had incredible success in finding optimal parameters. However, modern CNN architectures often contain millions of parameters. Thus, any given model for a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Stone Yun , Alexander Wong

The design of parametric quantum circuits (PQCs) for efficient use in variational quantum simulations (VQS) is subject to two competing factors. On one hand, the set of states that can be generated by the PQC has to be large enough to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Lena Funcke , Tobias Hartung , Karl Jansen , Stefan Kühn , Manuel Schneider , Paolo Stornati
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