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Deep neural networks are highly expressive models that have recently achieved state of the art performance on speech and visual recognition tasks. While their expressiveness is the reason they succeed, it also causes them to learn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-02-20 Christian Szegedy , Wojciech Zaremba , Ilya Sutskever , Joan Bruna , Dumitru Erhan , Ian Goodfellow , Rob Fergus

Deep neural networks (DNNs) typically involve a large number of parameters and are trained to achieve zero or near-zero training error. Despite such interpolation, they often exhibit strong generalization performance on unseen data, a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-23 Jingfu Peng , Yuhong Yang

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are universal function approximators providing state-of- the-art solutions on wide range of applications. Common perceptual tasks such as speech recognition, image classification, and object tracking are now…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-08 Randall Balestriero , Richard Baraniuk

Modern machine learning systems based on neural networks have shown great success in learning complex data patterns while being able to make good predictions on unseen data points. However, the limited interpretability of these systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Sarath Shekkizhar , Antonio Ortega

It is well-known that the training of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) can be formalized in the language of optimal control. In this context, this paper leverages classical turnpike properties of optimal control problems to attempt a quantifiable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Timm Faulwasser , Arne-Jens Hempel , Stefan Streif

The universal approximation property (UAP) holds a fundamental position in deep learning, as it provides a theoretical foundation for the expressive power of neural networks. It is widely recognized that a composition of linear and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-01 Yifei Duan , Yongqiang Cai

Mixup is a widely adopted strategy for training deep networks, where additional samples are augmented by interpolating inputs and labels of training pairs. Mixup has shown to improve classification performance, network calibration, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Thomas Mensink , Pascal Mettes

We investigate the extent to which a two-level quantum system subjected to an external time-dependent drive can be characterized by supervised learning. We apply this approach to the case of bang-bang control and the estimation of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-22 R. Couturier , E. Dionis , S. Guérin , C. Guyeux , D. Sugny

Neural ODEs and i-ResNet are recently proposed methods for enforcing invertibility of residual neural models. Having a generic technique for constructing invertible models can open new avenues for advances in learning systems, but so far…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Han Zhang , Xi Gao , Jacob Unterman , Tom Arodz

Deep neural networks are an attractive alternative for simulating complex dynamical systems, as in comparison to traditional scientific computing methods, they offer reduced computational costs during inference and can be trained directly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Katarzyna Michałowska , Somdatta Goswami , George Em Karniadakis , Signe Riemer-Sørensen

Deep neural networks trained with different architectures, objectives, and datasets have been reported to converge on similar visual representations. However, what remains unknown is which visual properties models actually converge on and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Florian P. Mahner , Johannes Roth , Ka Chun Lam , Michael F. Bonner , Francisco Pereira , Martin N. Hebart

Landmark universal function approximation results for neural networks with trained weights and biases provided the impetus for the ubiquitous use of neural networks as learning models in neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Recent…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Ezekiel Williams , Alexandre Payeur , Avery Hee-Woon Ryoo , Thomas Jiralerspong , Matthew G. Perich , Luca Mazzucato , Guillaume Lajoie

Classically, data interpolation with a parametrized model class is possible as long as the number of parameters is larger than the number of equations to be satisfied. A puzzling phenomenon in deep learning is that models are trained with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Sébastien Bubeck , Mark Sellke

In this paper we propose a Deep Learning architecture to approximate diffeomorphisms diffeotopic to the identity. We consider a control system of the form $\dot x = \sum_{i=1}^lF_i(x)u_i$, with linear dependence in the controls, and we use…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-20 Alessandro Scagliotti

In this review paper, we give a comprehensive overview of the large variety of approximation results for neural networks. Approximation rates for classical function spaces as well as benefits of deep neural networks over shallow ones for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Ingo Gühring , Mones Raslan , Gitta Kutyniok

It has been recognized that heavily overparameterized deep neural networks (DNNs) exhibit surprisingly good generalization performance in various machine-learning tasks. Although benefits of depth have been investigated from different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Takashi Mori , Masahito Ueda

In recent years, understanding the implicit regularization of neural networks (NNs) has become a central task in deep learning theory. However, implicit regularization is itself not completely defined and well understood. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Leyang Zhang , Zhi-Qin John Xu , Tao Luo , Yaoyu Zhang

In numerous robotics and mechanical engineering applications, among others, data is often constrained on smooth manifolds due to the presence of rotational degrees of freedom. Common datadriven and learning-based methods such as neural…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-16 Karthik Elamvazhuthi , Xuechen Zhang , Samet Oymak , Fabio Pasqualetti

We develop a general duality between neural networks and compositional kernels, striving towards a better understanding of deep learning. We show that initial representations generated by common random initializations are sufficiently rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Amit Daniely , Roy Frostig , Yoram Singer

The purpose of this article is to develop a machinery to study the capacity of deep neural networks (DNNs) to approximate high-dimensional functions. In particular, we show that DNNs have the expressive power to overcome the curse of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Pierfrancesco Beneventano , Patrick Cheridito , Robin Graeber , Arnulf Jentzen , Benno Kuckuck