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Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has a broad range of applications in materials characterization, including real-space imaging, spectroscopy, and diffraction, at length scales from the micron to sub-{\AA}ngstr\"om. The…
Four-dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (4D-STEM) is a powerful technique for high-resolution and high-precision materials characterization at multiple length scales, including the characterization of beam-sensitive…
Linear phase-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) techniques compatible with high-throughput 4D-STEM acquisition are widely used to enhance phase contrast in weakly scattering and beam-sensitive materials. In these…
Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) of local atomic diffraction patterns is emerging as a powerful technique for probing intricate details of atomic structure and atomic electric fields. However, efficient…
Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) is a powerful tool that allows for the simultaneous acquisition of spatial and diffraction information, driven by recent advancements in direct electron detector…
4D-STEM, in which the 2D diffraction plane is captured for each 2D scan position in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) using a pixelated detector, is complementing and increasingly replacing existing imaging approaches.…
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is the most widespread adopted tool for atomic scale characterization of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Many 2D materials remain susceptible to electron beam damage, despite the standardized…
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) allows for imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy of materials on length scales ranging from microns to atoms. By using a high-speed, direct electron detector, it is now possible to record a…
Contrast transfer mechanisms for electron scattering have been extensively studied in transmission electron microscopy. Here we revisit H. Rose's generalized contrast formalism from scattering theory to understand where information is…
Here a new microscopic method is proposed to image and characterize very thin samples like few-layer materials, organic molecules, and nanostructures with nanometer or sub-nanometer resolution using electron beams of energies lower than 20…
Material properties strongly depend on the nature and concentration of defects. Characterizing these features may require nano- to atomic-scale resolution to establish structure-property relationships. 4D-STEM, a technique where diffraction…
Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) is one of the most rapidly growing modes of electron microscopy imaging. The advent of fast pixelated cameras and the associated data infrastructure have greatly…
Four dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D STEM) records the scattering of electrons in a material in great detail. The benefits offered by 4D STEM are substantial, with the wealth of data it provides facilitating for…
The use of differential phase contrast (DPC) in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has shown much promise for directly investigating the functional properties of a material system, leveraging the natural coupling between the…
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is an extremely versatile method for studying materials on the atomic scale. Many STEM experiments are supported or validated with electron scattering simulations. However, using the…
High quality scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) data acquisition and analysis has become increasingly important due to the commercial demand for investigating the properties of complex materials such as battery cathodes;…
The appearance of direct electron detectors marked a new era for electron diffraction. Their high sensitivity and low noise opens the possibility to extend electron diffraction from transmission electron microscopes (TEM) to lower energies…
The development of four-dimensional (4D) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) using fast detectors has opened-up new avenues for addressing some of long-standing challenges in electron imaging. One of these challenges is how to…
The arrival of direct electron detectors (DED) with high frame-rates in the field of scanning transmission electron microscopy has enabled many experimental techniques that require collection of a full diffraction pattern at each scan…
The challenge of imaging low-density objects in an electron microscope without causing beam damage is significant in modern TEM. This is especially true for life science imaging, where the sample, rather than the instrument, still…