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This study explores how college students interact with generative AI (ChatGPT-4) during educational quizzes, focusing on reliance and predictors of AI adoption. Conducted at the early stages of ChatGPT implementation, when students had…

Digital privacy has become an essential component of information and communications technology (ICT) systems. There are many existing methods for digital privacy protection, including network security, cryptography, and access control.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Hamoud Alhazmi , Ahmed Imran , Mohammad Abu Alsheikh

The increasing use of digital teaching and emerging technologies, particularly AI-based tools, such as ChatGPT, is presenting an inevitable and significant impact on higher education. The capability of processing and generating text could…

The release of the large language model based chatbot ChatGPT in November 2022 has brought considerable attention to the subject of artificial intelligence, not only in the public. From the perspective of higher education, ChatGPT…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Nicolas Schwenke , Heinrich Söbke , Eckhard Kraft

Large Language Model (LLM) chatbots like ChatGPT have emerged as cognitive scaffolding for autistic users, yet the tension between their utility and risk remains under-articulated. Through an inductive thematic analysis of 3,984 social…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Renkai Ma , Ben Zefeng Zhang , Chen Chen , Fan Yang , Xiaoshan Huang , Haolun Wu , Lingyao Li

Large language models are increasingly used for both task-based assistance and social companionship, yet research has typically focused on one or the other. Drawing on a survey (N = 202) and 30 interviews with high-engagement ChatGPT and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Aikaterina Manoli , Janet V. T. Pauketat , Ali Ladak , Hayoun Noh , Angel Hsing-Chi Hwang , Jacy Reese Anthis

In the evolving landscape of digital education, chatbots have emerged as potential game-changers, promising personalized and adaptive learning experiences. This research undertook an in-depth exploration of ChatGPT's potential as an…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Holger Arndt

This paper investigates the digital security experiences of four at-risk user groups in Germany, including older adults (70+), teenagers (14-17), people with migration backgrounds, and people with low formal education. Using…

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots into higher education marks a shift towards a new generation of pedagogical tools, mirroring the arrival of milestones like the internet. With the launch of ChatGPT-4 Turbo in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xinrui Song , Jiajin Zhang , Pingkun Yan , Juergen Hahn , Uwe Kruger , Hisham Mohamed , Ge Wang

As millions of people use ChatGPT for tasks such as education, writing assistance, and health advice, concerns have grown about how personal prompts and data are stored and used. This study explores how Reddit users collectively negotiate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-10 S M Mehedi Zaman , Saubhagya Joshi , Yiyi Wu

We explore the political and ideological positioning of ChatGPT, a leading large language model (LLM), by comparing its responses to political economy questions from the European Social Survey (ESS). The questions concern environmental…

General Economics · Economics 2025-03-10 Leonardo Becchetti , Nazaria Solferino

In recent years, we have seen an influx in reliance on AI assistants for information seeking. Given this widespread use and the known challenges AI poses for Black users, recent efforts have emerged to identify key considerations needed to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Lisa Egede , Ebtesam Al Haque , Gabriella Thompson , Alicia Boyd , Angela D. R. Smith , Brittany Johnson

We conducted controlled experimental bias audits for four versions of ChatGPT, which we asked to recommend an opening offer in salary negotiations for a new hire. We submitted 98,800 prompts to each version, systematically varying the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-10 R. Stuart Geiger , Flynn O'Sullivan , Elsie Wang , Jonathan Lo

Artificial intelligence (AI) as a disruptive technology is not new. However, its recent evolution, engineered by technological transformation, big data analytics, and quantum computing, produces conversational and generative AI (CGAI/GenAI)…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Ikpe Justice Akpan , Yawo M. Kobara , Josiah Owolabi , Asuama Akpam , Onyebuchi Felix Offodile

ChatGPT has been increasingly used in computer science, offering efficient support across software development tasks. While it helps students navigate programming challenges, its use also raises concerns about academic integrity and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Daihan Xu , Diana Martin

Hundreds of millions of users now hold detailed, multi-turn conversations with ChatGPT and similar LLM assistants. We measure two privacy-relevant features of these conversations on a corpus of complete ChatGPT histories donated by over…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-25 S M Mehedi Zaman , Kiran Garimella

The rapid adoption of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) technologies has led many organizations to integrate AI into their products and services, often without considering user preferences. Yet, public attitudes toward AI use,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Joachim Baumann , Aleksandra Urman , Ulrich Leicht-Deobald , Zachary J. Roman , Anikó Hannák , Markus Christen

Conversational artificial intelligence (AI) disrupts how humans interact with technology. Recently, OpenAI introduced ChatGPT, a state-of-the-art dialogue model that can converse with its human counterparts with unprecedented capabilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Jochen Hartmann , Jasper Schwenzow , Maximilian Witte

As large language models (LLMs) advance and become widespread, students increasingly turn to systems like ChatGPT for assistance with writing tasks. Educators are concerned with students' usage of ChatGPT beyond cheating; using ChatGPT may…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Andrew Jelson , Daniel Manesh , Alice Jang , Daniel Dunlap , Young-Ho Kim , Sang Won Lee

Wikipedia is one of the most popular websites in the world, serving as a major source of information and learning resource for millions of users worldwide. While motivations for its usage vary, prior research suggests shallow information…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Neal Reeves , Wenjie Yin , Elena Simperl