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Related papers: Quantifying MEV On Layer 2 Networks

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This study analyzes proposer-builder data and MEV-Boost payment data following the Ethereum merge in September 2022 to identify patterns of multi-block MEV. Our findings reveal fewer multi-slot sequences of builders than predicted by a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Pascal Stichler

Achieving the equilibrium between scalability, sustainability, and security while keeping decentralization has prevailed as the target solution for decentralized blockchain applications over the last years. Several approaches have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Mikel Cortes-Goicoechea , Leonardo Bautista-Gomez

Multi-block MEV (MMEV) denotes the practice of securing k-consecutive blocks in an attempt at extracting surplus value by manipulating transaction ordering. Following the implementation of pro-poser/builder separation (PBS) on Ethereum,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Johannes Rude Jensen , Victor von Wachter , Omri Ross

Many cryptocurrency platforms are vulnerable to Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) attacks, where a malicious consensus leader can inject transactions or change the order of user transactions to maximize its profit. A promising line of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Dahlia Malkhi , Pawel Szalachowski

To improve transaction rates, many cryptocurrencies have implemented so-called ''Layer-2'' transaction protocols, where payments are routed across networks of private payment channels. However, for a given transaction, not every network…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Ashish Goel , Geoffrey Ramseyer

Blockchain systems, such as Ethereum, use an approach called "metering" to assign a cost to smart contract execution, an approach which is designed to incentivise miners to operate the network and protect it against DoS attacks. In the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Daniel Perez , Benjamin Livshits

We propose a new, more potent attack on decentralized exchanges. This attack leverages absolute commitments, which are commitments that can condition on the strategies made by other agents. This attack allows an adversary to charge monopoly…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Daji Landis , Nikolaj I. Schwartzbach

The Ethereum blockchain network is a decentralized platform enabling smart contract execution and transactions of Ether (ETH) [1], its designated cryptocurrency. Ethereum is the second most popular cryptocurrency with a market cap of more…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-10-04 Morit Zwang , Shahar Somin , Alex 'Sandy' Pentland , Yaniv Altshuler

Financial speculators often seek to increase their potential gains with leverage. Debt is a popular form of leverage, and with over 39.88B USD of total value locked (TVL), the Decentralized Finance (DeFi) lending markets are thriving.…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-10-04 Kaihua Qin , Liyi Zhou , Pablo Gamito , Philipp Jovanovic , Arthur Gervais

Ethereum block builders run sealed auctions among searchers, but nothing in the protocol forces a builder to honor the auction outcome after observing submitted bundles. This paper studies the commitment problem. We model a builder who…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Aleksei Adadurov , Sergey Barseghyan , Anton Chtepine , Antero Eloranta , Andrei Sebyakin , Arsenii Valitov

The $\beta$-model is a powerful tool for modeling large and sparse networks driven by degree heterogeneity, where many network models become infeasible due to computational challenge and network sparsity. However, existing estimation…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-27 Meijia Shao , Yu Zhang , Qiuping Wang , Yuan Zhang , Jing Luo , Ting Yan

Scalability is a common issue among the most used permissionless blockchains, and several approaches have been proposed accordingly. As Ethereum is set to be a solid foundation for a decentralized Internet web, the need for tackling…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Mikel Cortes-Goicoechea , Luca Franceschini , Leonardo Bautista-Gomez

The peer-to-peer (P2P) network of blockchain used to transport its transactions and blocks has a high impact on the efficiency and security of the system. The P2P network topologies of popular blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Taotao Wang , Chonghe Zhao , Qing Yang , Shengli Zhang , Soung Chang Liew

Smart contracts are central to a myriad of critical blockchain applications, from financial transactions to supply chain management. However, their adoption is hindered by security vulnerabilities that can result in significant financial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Dalila Ressi , Alvise Spanò , Lorenzo Benetollo , Carla Piazza , Michele Bugliesi , Sabina Rossi

In blockchain systems operating under the Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism, fairness in transaction processing is essential to preserving decentralization and maintaining user trust. However, with the emergence of Maximal…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yitian Wang , Yebo Feng , Yingjiu Li , Jiahua Xu

Ethereum's scalability has been a major concern due to its limited transaction throughput and high fees. To address these limitations, Polygon has emerged as a sidechain solution that facilitates asset transfers between Ethereum and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Tao Yan , Chuanshan Huang , Claudio J. Tessone

Maximal Extractable Value, or MEV, remains a structural threat to blockchain fairness because a block producer can often observe pending transactions and unilaterally decide their ordering or inclusion. Existing mitigations hide transaction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jian Sheng Wang

As the second largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization and today's biggest decentralized platform that runs smart contracts, Ethereum has received much attention from both industry and academia. Nevertheless, there exist very few…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Jianyu Niu , Chen Feng

The Ethereum block-building process has changed significantly since the emergence of Proposer-Builder Separation. Validators access blocks through a marketplace, where block builders bid for the right to construct the block and earn MEV…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Fei Wu , Thomas Thiery , Stefanos Leonardos , Carmine Ventre

Limited scalability and transaction costs are, among others, some of the critical issues that hamper a wider adoption of distributed ledger technologies (DLT). That is particularly true for the Ethereum blockchain, which, so far, has been…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Simone Bottoni , Anwitaman Datta , Federico Franzoni , Emanuele Ragnoli , Roberto Ripamonti , Christian Rondanini , Gokhan Sagirlar , Alberto Trombetta