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Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) has become a critical issue for blockchain ecosystems, as it enables validators or block proposers to extract value by ordering, including or censoring users' transactions. This paper aims to present a formal…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Bruno Mazorra , Nicolás Della Penna

Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) refers to a class of attacks to decentralized applications where the adversary profits by manipulating the ordering, inclusion, or exclusion of transactions in a blockchain. Decentralized Finance (DeFi)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Massimo Bartoletti , Riccardo Marchesin , Roberto Zunino

Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) has become a significant incentive on blockchain networks, referring to the value captured through the manipulation of transaction execution order and strategic issuance of profit-generation transactions. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Burak Öz , Filip Rezabek , Jonas Gebele , Felix Hoops , Florian Matthes

Miner extractable value (MEV) refers to any excess value that a transaction validator can realize by manipulating the ordering of transactions. In this work, we introduce a simple theoretical definition of the 'cost of MEV', prove some…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-16 Guillermo Angeris , Tarun Chitra , Theo Diamandis , Kshitij Kulkarni

A central question of the Ethereum ecosystem is where Maximal Extractable Value (MEV)revenue originates and to what extent it stems from harming unsuspecting users. It is acceptable if MEV arises from arbitrages between centralised and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Bence Ladóczk , Miklós Rásonyi , János Tapolcai

Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) refers to excess value captured by miners (or validators) from users in a cryptocurrency network. This excess value often comes from reordering users' transactions to maximize fees or from inserting new…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Kshitij Kulkarni , Theo Diamandis , Tarun Chitra

The prevalence of maximal extractable value (MEV) in the Ethereum ecosystem has led to a characterization of the latter as a dark forest. Studies of MEV have thus far largely been restricted to purely on-chain MEV, i.e., sandwich attacks,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Lioba Heimbach , Vabuk Pahari , Eric Schertenleib

The detection of Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) in blockchain is crucial for enhancing blockchain security, as it enables the evaluation of potential consensus layer risks, the effectiveness of anti-centralization solutions, and the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Seongwan Park , Woojin Jeong , Yunyoung Lee , Bumho Son , Huisu Jang , Jaewook Lee

Permissionless blockchains such as Bitcoin have excelled at financial services. Yet, opportunistic traders extract monetary value from the mesh of decentralized finance (DeFi) smart contracts through so-called blockchain extractable value…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Kaihua Qin , Liyi Zhou , Arthur Gervais

In this paper, we take a close look at a problem labeled maximal extractable value (MEV), which arises in a blockchain due to the ability of a block producer to manipulate the order of transactions within a block. Indeed, blockchains such…

General Economics · Economics 2024-03-29 Vijay Mohan , Peyman Khezr

We study the feasibility, profitability, and prevalence of sandwich attacks on Ethereum rollups with private mempools. First, we extend a formal model of optimal front- and back-run sizing, relating attack profitability to victim trade…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Krzysztof Gogol , Manvir Schneider , Jan Gorzny , Claudio Tessone

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) leverages blockchain-enabled smart contracts to deliver automated and trustless financial services without the need for intermediaries. However, the public visibility of financial transactions on the blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Huned Materwala , Shraddha M. Naik , Aya Taha , Tala Abdulrahman Abed , Davor Svetinovic

This paper analyzes the Execution Tickets proposal on Ethereum Research, unveiling its potential to revolutionize the Ethereum blockchain's economic model. At the core of this proposal lies a novel ticketing mechanism poised to redefine how…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Jonah Burian

Maximum extractable value (MEV) has been extensively studied. In most papers, the researchers have worked with the Ethereum blockchain almost exclusively. Even though, Ethereum and other blockchains have dynamic gas prices this is not the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Facundo Carrillo , Elaine Hu

We propose a novel neural network architecture that enables non-parametric calibration and generation of multivariate extreme value distributions (MEVs). MEVs arise from Extreme Value Theory (EVT) as the necessary class of models when…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-03 Ali Hasan , Khalil Elkhalil , Yuting Ng , Joao M. Pereira , Sina Farsiu , Jose H. Blanchet , Vahid Tarokh

In this article, we develop an interdisciplinary analysis of MEV which desires to merge the gap that exists between technical and legal research supporting policymakers in their regulatory decisions concerning blockchains, DeFi and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Simona Ramos , Joshua Ellul

Blockchains protect an ecosystem worth more than $500bn with strong security properties derived from the principle of decentralization. Is today's blockchain decentralized? In this paper, we empirically studied one of the least…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Sen Yang , Kartik Nayak , Fan Zhang

As blockchains begin processing significant economic activity, the ability to include and order transactions inevitably becomes highly valuable, a concept known as Maximal Extractable Value (MEV). This makes effective mechanisms for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Robin Fritsch , Maria Inês Silva , Akaki Mamageishvili , Benjamin Livshits , Edward W. Felten

In blockchain networks, the strategic ordering of transactions within blocks has emerged as a significant source of profit extraction, known as Maximal Extractable Value (MEV). The transition from spam-based Priority Gas Auctions to…

Smart contracts led to the emergence of the decentralized finance (DeFi) marketplace within blockchain ecosystems, where diverse participants engage in financial activities. In traditional finance, there are possibilities to create values,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Rasheed , Yash Chaurasia , Parth Desai , Sujit Gujar