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By ``nethotrons'', from the ancient Greek verb for to ``spin'', it is meant here a natural or artificial rotating object, like a pulsar or an artificial satellite, whose rotational axis is cumulatively displaced by the post-Newtonian static…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-13 Lorenzo Iorio

Isolated wide binary stars provide natural laboratories to directly probe gravity for Newtonian acceleration $g_{\rm{N}}\lesssim 10^{-9}$ m s$^{-2}$. Recent statistical analyses of wide binaries have been performed only with sky-projected…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-20 Kyu-Hyun Chae

I show that for a substantial fraction of planets detected in a space-based survey, it would be possible to measure the planet and host masses and distances, if the survey satellite were placed in geosynchronous orbit. Such an orbit would…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Andrew Gould

We propose two distinct atom interferometer gravitational wave detectors, one terrestrial and another satellite-based, utilizing the core technology of the Stanford $10 \text{m}$ atom interferometer presently under construction. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-06-22 Savas Dimopoulos , Peter W. Graham , Jason M. Hogan , Mark A. Kasevich , Surjeet Rajendran

The accuracy reached in the past few years by Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) allows for measuring even tiny features of the Earth's gravitational field predicted by Einstein's General Relativity by means of artificial satellites. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-11-12 Lorenzo Iorio

Typical stars in the Milky Way galaxy have velocities of hundreds of kilometres per second and experience gravitational accelerations of $\sim 10^{-10}$ m s$^{-2}$, resulting in velocity changes of a few centimetres per second over a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-09-18 Hamish Silverwood , Richard Easther

Pulsar timing array experiments search for phenomena that produce angular correlations in the arrival times of signals from millisecond pulsars. The primary goal is to detect an isotropic and stochastic gravitational wave background. We use…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-16 Caterina Tiburzi , George Hobbs , Matthew Kerr , William Coles , Shi Dai , Richard Manchester , Andrea Possenti , Ryan Shannon , Xiaopeng You

The GRACE mission has been providing valuable new information on time variations in the Earth's gravity field since 2002. In addition, the GRACE Follow-On mission is scheduled to be flown soon after the end of life of the GRACE mission in…

Space Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Peter L. Bender , Casey R. Betts

Here we provide an alternative approach to determine the Earth's external gravitational potential field based on low-orbit target satellite (TS), geostationary satellites (GS), and microwave signal links between them. By emitting and…

Geophysics · Physics 2020-08-14 Ziyu Shen , WenBin Shen , Xinyu Xu , Shuangxi Zhang

In this paper we will show in detail that the performed attempts aimed at the detection of the general relativistic Lense-Thirring effect in the gravitational field of the Earth with the existing LAGEOS satellites are often presented in an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Lorenzo Iorio

The long-term monitoring and high photometric precision of the Kepler satellite will provide a unique opportunity to sound the stellar cycles of many solar-type stars using asteroseismology. This can be achieved by studying periodic changes…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 C. Karoff , T. S. Metcalfe , W. J. Chaplin , Y. Elsworth , H. Kjeldsen , T. Arentoft , D. Buzasi

The gravity field maps of the satellite gravimetry missions GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) and GRACE Follow-On are derived by means of precise orbit determination. The key observation is the biased inter-satellite range,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-12 Yihao Yan , Vitali Müller , Gerhard Heinzel , Min Zhong

High precision spectrographs can enable not only the discovery of exoplanets, but can also provide a fundamental measurement in Galactic dynamics. Over about ten year baselines, the expected change in the line-of-sight velocity due to the…

Since the very beginning of astronomy the location of objects on the sky has been a fundamental observational quantity that has been taken for granted. While precise two dimensional positional information is easy to obtain for observations…

A co-rotation radius is a key characteristic of disc galaxies that is essential to determine the angular speed of the spiral structure $\Omega_{p}$, and therefore understand its nature. In the literature, there are plenty of methods to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-05-20 Valeria S. Kostiuk , Alexander A. Marchuk , Alexander S. Gusev

We simulate the astrometric observations of stars moving close to the black hole in the Galactic Center. We show, that for orbits =<1000 AU and position measurements with the accuracy of the Keck Interferometer, the periastron motion of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Jaroszynski

The angle between the rotation and orbital axes of stars in binary systems -- the obliquity -- is an important indicator of how these systems form and evolve but few such measurements exist. We combine the sample of astrometric orbital…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-08 Warrick H. Ball , Amaury H. M. J. Triaud , Emily Hatt , Martin B. Nielsen , William J. Chaplin

Gravitational redshift as a relativistic effect in cosmological objects is investigated. Possible signatures of the gravitational redshift in measurements of satellite galaxies in clusters of galaxies, intracluster gas, as well as galaxies…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-21 Daiki Sakuma , Ayumu Terukina , Kazuhiro Yamamoto , Chiaki Hikage

Atomic wave interferometers are tied to a telescope pointing towards a faraway star in a nearly free falling satellite. Such a device is sensitive to the acceleration and the rotation relatively to the local inertial frame and to the tidal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Philippe Tourrenc , Marie-Christine Angonin-Willaime , Xavier Ovido

In this letter we further analyze the concept of the use of a pair of identical geodetic satellites placed in identical orbits except for the inclinations which should be supplementary for measuring the Lense-Thirring effect in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-11-12 Lorenzo Iorio