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Electro-optic (EO) modulation is a key functionality to have on-chip. However, achieving a notable linear EO effect in stoichiometric silicon nitride has been a persistent challenge due to the material's intrinsic properties. Recent…
Silicon photonics has evolved from lab research to commercial products in the past decade as it plays an increasingly crucial role in data communication for next-generation data centers and high performance computing1. Recently,…
In display technologies or data processing, planar and subwavelength free-space components suited for flat photonic devices are needed. Metasurfaces, which shape the optical wavefront within hundreds of nanometers, can provide a solution…
Optical modulators are essential building blocks for high-capacity optical communication and massively parallel computing. Among all types of optical modulators, travelling-wave Mach-Zehnder modulators (TW-MZMs) featuring high speed and…
The coherent transmission technology using digital signal processing and advanced modulation formats, is bringing networks closer to the theoretical capacity limit of optical fibres, the Shannon limit. The in-phase quadrature electro-optic…
We propose and demonstrate a hybrid silicon and lithium niobate Michelson Interferometer Modulator (MIM) with enhanced modulation efficiency compared to a Mach-Zehnder modulator. The modulator is based on seamless integration of a…
The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) and other data center applications is driving the demand for photonic interconnects that combine high-speed with low energy consumption, making scalability a critical requirement.…
Optical interconnect is a potential solution to attain the large bandwidth on-chip communications needed in high performance computers in a low power and low cost manner. Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) is an emerging technology that…
Optical modulators can be made nowadays with high modulation speed, broad bandwidth, while being compact, owing to the recent advance in material science and microfabrication technology. However, these optical modulators usually work for…
Silicon photonic devices fundamental to high-density wavelength-division multiplexed (DWDM) optical links and photonic switching networks, such as resonant modulators and Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs), are highly sensitive to…
Wafer-level testing is an important step for process and quality control of electronic chips in integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing which occurs before packaging. The process of wafer probing in its conventional contacting schemes,…
Mid-infrared spectroscopy, an important and widespread technique for sensing molecules, has encountered barriers stemming from sources either limited in tuning range or excessively bulky for practical field use. We present a compact,…
Conventional optical displays using ITO (indium tin oxide) and LC (liquid crystal) materials present a lot of challenges in terms of long-term sustainability. We show here how it is possible to generate a cost effective and CMOS compatible…
Tunable optical material properties enable novel applications in both versatile metamaterials and photonic components including optical sources and modulators. Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are able to highly tune their optical…
Neural networks have proven effective for solving many difficult computational problems. Implementing complex neural networks in software is very computationally expensive. To explore the limits of information processing, it will be…
The rapid expansion of cloud computing and artificial intelligence has driven the demand for faster optical components in data centres to unprecedented levels. A key advancement in this field is the integration of multiple photonic…
Networks inside current data centers comprise a hierarchy of power-hungry electronic packet switches interconnected via optical fibers and transceivers. As the scaling of such electrically-switched networks approaches a plateau, a…
The rapid expansion of generative AI drives unprecedented demands for high-performance computing. Training large-scale AI models now requires vast interconnected GPU clusters across multiple data centers. Multi-scale AI training and…
Microdisk or microring modulators (MDMs or MRMs) realize compact electro-optic modulation in active silicon photonics (SiP) foundry platforms. A key advantage of these resonant modulators is that they readily implement dense wavelength…
An ultra-narrow slot waveguide is fabricated for use in highly-efficient, electro-optic-polymer-based, integrated-optic modulators. Measurement results indicate that $V_\pi L$'s below 1.2 V.mm are possible for balanced Mach-Zehnder…