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In object recognition applications, object images usually appear with different quality levels. Practically, it is very important to indicate object image qualities for better application performance, e.g. filtering out low-quality object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Jing Lu , Baorui Zou , Zhanzhan Cheng , Shiliang Pu , Shuigeng Zhou , Yi Niu , Fei Wu

Supervised fine-tuning of large language models relies on human-annotated data, yet annotation pipelines routinely involve multiple crowdworkers of heterogeneous expertise. Standard practice aggregates labels via majority vote or simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sajjad Ghiasvand , Mark Beliaev , Mahnoosh Alizadeh , Ramtin Pedarsani

In this paper, we introduce a collaborative and modern annotation tool for audio and speech: audino. The tool allows annotators to define and describe temporal segmentation in audios. These segments can be labelled and transcribed easily…

Current annotation agreement metrics are not well-suited for inter-group analysis, are sensitive to group size imbalances and restricted to single-annotation settings. These restrictions render them insufficient for many subjective tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Dimitris Tsirmpas , John Pavlopoulos

Evaluating the quality of explanations in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is to this day a challenging problem, with ongoing debate in the research community. While some advocate for establishing standardized offline metrics,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Teodor Chiaburu , Frank Haußer , Felix Bießmann

Morality plays an important role in culture, identity, and emotion. Recent advances in natural language processing have shown that it is possible to classify moral values expressed in text at scale. Morality classification relies on human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Negar Mokhberian , Frederic R. Hopp , Bahareh Harandizadeh , Fred Morstatter , Kristina Lerman

Fact-checking is extensively studied in the context of misinformation and disinformation, addressing objective inaccuracies. However, a softer form of misinformation involves responses that are factually correct but lack certain features…

Appraisal theories explain how the cognitive evaluation of an event leads to a particular emotion. In contrast to theories of basic emotions or affect (valence/arousal), this theory has not received a lot of attention in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Jan Hofmann , Enrica Troiano , Roman Klinger

Annotation quality is difficult to sustain when campaigns span weeks or months with small annotator pools. We present a Setswana sentiment dataset of 3,565 tweets annotated by three native-speaker annotators across eight batches and examine…

Recent studies emphasize the need of document context in human evaluation of machine translations, but little research has been done on the impact of user interfaces on annotator productivity and the reliability of assessments. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Roman Grundkiewicz , Marcin Junczys-Dowmunt , Christian Federmann , Tom Kocmi

With the rapid accumulation of text data produced by data-driven techniques, the task of extracting "data annotations"--concise, high-quality data summaries from unstructured raw text--has become increasingly important. The recent advances…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Xiaoyu Zhang , Xiwei Xuan , Alden Dima , Thurston Sexton , Kwan-Liu Ma

Evaluating the quality of arguments is a crucial aspect of any system leveraging argument mining. However, it is a challenge to obtain reliable and consistent annotations regarding argument quality, as this usually requires domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Nailia Mirzakhmedova , Marcel Gohsen , Chia Hao Chang , Benno Stein

Language models have shown promise in various tasks but can be affected by undesired data during training, fine-tuning, or alignment. For example, if some unsafe conversations are wrongly annotated as safe ones, the model fine-tuned on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Zhaowei Zhu , Jialu Wang , Hao Cheng , Yang Liu

Self-annotation is the gold standard for collecting affective state labels in affective computing. Existing methods typically rely on full annotation, requiring users to continuously label affective states across entire sessions. While this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jaeyoung Moon , Youjin Choi , Yucheon Park , David Melhart , Georgios N. Yannakakis , Kyung-Joong Kim

Recommendation systems increasingly depend on massive human-labeled datasets; however, the human annotators hired to generate these labels increasingly come from homogeneous backgrounds. This poses an issue when downstream predictive models…

Many machine learning systems today are trained on large amounts of human-annotated data. Data annotation tasks that require a high level of competency make data acquisition expensive, while the resulting labels are often subjective,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Emmanouil Antonios Platanios , Maruan Al-Shedivat , Eric Xing , Tom Mitchell

Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) enables fine-grained opinion analysis by identifying sentiments toward specific aspects or targets within a text. While ABSA has been widely studied for English, research on other languages such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Niklas Donhauser , Jakob Fehle , Nils Constantin Hellwig , Markus Weinberger , Udo Kruschwitz , Christian Wolff

Recent pre-trained abstractive summarization systems have started to achieve credible performance, but a major barrier to their use in practice is their propensity to output summaries that are not faithful to the input and that contain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Tanya Goyal , Greg Durrett

Linguistic bias in online news and social media is widespread but difficult to measure. Yet, its identification and quantification remain difficult due to subjectivity, context dependence, and the scarcity of high-quality gold-label…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Fabian Haak , Philipp Schaer

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly positioned as scalable tools for annotating educational data, including classroom discourse, interaction logs, and qualitative learning artifacts. Their ability to rapidly summarize…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Bakhtawar Ahtisham , Kirk Vanacore , Rene F. Kizilcec