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Related papers: Reliability Gaps Between Groups in COMPAS Dataset

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In observational studies, potential unobserved confounding is a major barrier in isolating the average causal effect (ACE). In these scenarios, two main approaches are often used: confounder adjustment for causality (CAC) and instrumental…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-26 Roy S. Zawadzki , Daniel L. Gillen

Cellular decision making is based on regulatory circuits that associate signal thresholds to specific physiological actions. This transmission of information is subjected to molecular noise what can decrease its fidelity. Here, we show…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2017-02-08 Guillermo Rodrigo , Juan F. Poyatos

Empirical risk minimization (ERM) is sensitive to spurious correlations in the training data, which poses a significant risk when deploying systems trained under this paradigm in high-stake applications. While the existing literature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Christos Tsirigotis , Joao Monteiro , Pau Rodriguez , David Vazquez , Aaron Courville

We study identification of a structural group effect when the group indicator $G\in\{0,1\}$ is unobserved but the analyst observes a calibrated probability score $p\in[0,1]$ satisfying $\mathbb{E}[G|p,X]=p$. Under a constant-coefficient…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-13 Marcell T. Kurbucz

Risk-limiting audits (RLAs) are expected to strengthen the public confidence in the correctness of an election outcome. We hypothesize that this is not always the case, in part because for large margins between the winner and the runner-up,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Asmita Dalela , Oksana Kulyk , Carsten Schürmann

Selection bias arises when the probability that an observation enters a dataset depends on variables related to the quantities of interest, leading to systematic distortions in estimation and uncertainty quantification. For example, in…

To recognize and mitigate the harms of generative AI systems, it is crucial to consider whether and how different societal groups are represented by these systems. A critical gap emerges when naively measuring or improving who is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Jennifer Mickel , Maria De-Arteaga , Leqi Liu , Kevin Tian

Sensor calibration is an indispensable task in any networked cyberphysical system. In this paper, we consider a sensor network plagued with offset errors, measuring a rank-1 signal subspace, where each sensor collects measurements under a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-14 Raj Thilak Rajan

Sentiment Analysis Systems (SASs) are data-driven Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems that output polarity and emotional intensity when given a piece of text as input. Like other AIs, SASs are also known to have unstable behavior when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Kausik Lakkaraju , Aniket Gupta , Biplav Srivastava , Marco Valtorta , Dezhi Wu

With the rapid advancement of AI, there is a growing trend to integrate AI into decision-making processes. However, AI systems may exhibit biases that lead decision-makers to draw unfair conclusions. Notably, the COMPAS system used in the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Chih-Cheng Rex Yuan , Bow-Yaw Wang

Performance uncertainty quantification is essential for reliable validation and eventual clinical translation of medical imaging artificial intelligence (AI). Confidence intervals (CIs) play a central role in this process by indicating how…

We study the robustness of conformal prediction, a powerful tool for uncertainty quantification, to label noise. Our analysis tackles both regression and classification problems, characterizing when and how it is possible to construct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Bat-Sheva Einbinder , Shai Feldman , Stephen Bates , Anastasios N. Angelopoulos , Asaf Gendler , Yaniv Romano

When modelling time series, it is common to decompose observed variation into a "signal" process, the process of interest, and "noise", representing nuisance factors that obfuscate the signal. To separate signal from noise, assumptions must…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-11 Richard Creswell , Ben Lambert , Chon Lok Lei , Martin Robinson , David Gavaghan

Detecting and mitigating bias in speaker verification systems is important, as datasets, processing choices and algorithms can lead to performance differences that systematically favour some groups of people while disadvantaging others.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-27 Wiebke Hutiri , Tanvina Patel , Aaron Yi Ding , Odette Scharenborg

The applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) surround decisions on increasingly many aspects of human lives. Society responds by imposing legal and social expectations for the accountability of such automated decision systems (ADSs).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Furkan Gursoy , Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

The growing popularity of language models has sparked interest in conversational recommender systems (CRS) within both industry and research circles. However, concerns regarding biases in these systems have emerged. While individual…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Armin Moradi , Golnoosh Farnadi

Accurately assessing software vulnerabilities is essential for effective prioritization and remediation. While various scoring systems exist to support this task, their differing goals, methodologies and outputs often lead to inconsistent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Viktoria Koscinski , Mark Nelson , Ahmet Okutan , Robert Falso , Mehdi Mirakhorli

While regression models capture the relationship between predictors and the response variable, they often lack intuitive accompanying methods to understand the influence of predictors on the outcome. To address this, we introduce an…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-06 Jihao You , Dan Tulpan , Jiaojiao Diao , Jennifer L. Ellis

Noise is an unavoidable part of most measurements which can hinder a correct interpretation of the data. Uncertainties propagate in the data analysis and can lead to biased results even in basic descriptive statistics such as the central…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-27 Lorenzo Rimoldini

Supervised machine learning utilizes large datasets, often with ground truth labels annotated by humans. While some data points are easy to classify, others are hard to classify, which reduces the inter-annotator agreement. This causes…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Andrea Papenmeier , Dagmar Kern , Daniel Hienert , Yvonne Kammerer , Christin Seifert