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Related papers: Shared Lexical Items as Triggers of Code Switching

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Bilingual speakers show cross-lingual activation during reading, especially for words with shared surface form. Cognates (friends) typically lead to facilitation, whereas interlingual homographs (false friends) cause interference or no…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Iza Škrjanec , Irene Elisabeth Winther , Vera Demberg , Stefan L. Frank

This paper addresses challenges of Natural Language Processing (NLP) on non-canonical multilingual data in which two or more languages are mixed. It refers to code-switching which has become more popular in our daily life and therefore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-10 Özlem Çetinoğlu , Sarah Schulz , Ngoc Thang Vu

There is a lack of an evaluation methodology that estimates the extent to which large language models (LLMs) use code-switching (CS) in the same way as bilinguals. Existing methods do not have wide language coverage, fail to account for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Igor Sterner , Simone Teufel

Codeswitching has become one of the most common occurrences across multilingual speakers of the world, especially in countries like India which encompasses around 23 official languages with the number of bilingual speakers being around 300…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Dhruval Jain , Arun D Prabhu , Shubham Vatsal , Gopi Ramena , Naresh Purre

It is now established that modern neural language models can be successfully trained on multiple languages simultaneously without changes to the underlying architecture. But what kind of knowledge is really shared among languages within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Prajit Dhar , Arianna Bisazza

Recent developments in reasoning capabilities have enabled large language models to solve increasingly complex mathematical, symbolic, and logical tasks. Interestingly, while reasoning models are often trained to generate monolingual text,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Eleanor M. Lin , David Jurgens

Individuals signal aspects of their identity and beliefs through linguistic choices. Studying these choices in aggregate allows us to examine large-scale attitude shifts within a population. Here, we develop computational methods to study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Sky CH-Wang , David Jurgens

Code-switching is a pervasive phenomenon in multilingual communication, yet the robustness of large language models (LLMs) in mixed-language settings remains insufficiently understood. In this work, we present a comprehensive evaluation of…

Code-Switching (CSW) is a common phenomenon that occurs in multilingual geographic or social contexts, which raises challenging problems for natural language processing tools. We focus here on Machine Translation (MT) of CSW texts, where we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Jitao Xu , François Yvon

Language similarities can be caused by genetic relatedness, areal contact, universality, or chance. Colexification, i.e. a type of similarity where a single lexical form is used to convey multiple meanings, is underexplored. In our work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Yiyi Chen , Johannes Bjerva

Code-switching, the phenomenon of alternating between two or more languages in a single conversation, presents unique challenges for Natural Language Processing (NLP). Most existing research focuses on either syntactic constraints or neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Garry Kuwanto , Chaitanya Agarwal , Genta Indra Winata , Derry Tanti Wijaya

Code-switching is a data augmentation scheme mixing words from multiple languages into source lingual text. It has achieved considerable generalization performance of cross-lingual transfer tasks by aligning cross-lingual contextual word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Zhuoran Li , Chunming Hu , Junfan Chen , Zhijun Chen , Xiaohui Guo , Richong Zhang

Recent studies have shown that code-switching data (CSD), in which multiple languages are mixed within the same context, can improve cross-lingual transfer and multilingual alignment in large language models (LLMs). However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Shunta Asano , Jeonghun Baek , Toshihiko Yamasaki

Multilingualism refers to the high degree of proficiency in two or more languages in the written and oral communication modes. It often results in language mixing, a.k.a. code-mixing, when a multilingual speaker switches between multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Vivek Srivastava , Mayank Singh

With increasing globalization and immigration, various studies have estimated that about half of the world population is bilingual. Consequently, individuals concurrently use two or more languages or dialects in casual conversational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Saurav K. Aryal , Howard Prioleau , Gloria Washington

Code switching is a linguistic phenomenon that may occur within a multilingual setting where speakers share more than one language. With the increasing communication between groups with different languages, this phenomenon is more and more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Jiaxiang Liu , Xuyi Chen , Shikun Feng , Shuohuan Wang , Xuan Ouyang , Yu Sun , Zhengjie Huang , Weiyue Su

The analysis of data in which multiple languages are represented has gained popularity among computational linguists in recent years. So far, much of this research focuses mainly on the improvement of computational methods and largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-10 A. Seza Doğruöz , Sunayana Sitaram , Barbara E. Bullock , Almeida Jacqueline Toribio

Code-switching is about dealing with alternative languages in speech or text. It is partially speaker-depend and domain-related, so completely explaining the phenomenon by linguistic rules is challenging. Compared to most monolingual tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Ching-Ting Chang , Shun-Po Chuang , Hung-Yi Lee

Conversational User Interfaces such as Voice Assistants are hugely popular. Yet they are designed to be monolingual by default, lacking support for, or sensitivity to, the bilingual dialogue experience. In this provocation paper, we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Helin Cihan , Yunhan Wu , Paola Peña , Justin Edwards , Benjamin Cowan

Proficient multilingual speakers often intentionally switch languages in the middle of a conversation. Similarly, recent reasoning-focused bilingual large language models (LLMs) with strong capabilities in both languages exhibit language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yihao Li , Jiayi Xin , Miranda Muqing Miao , Qi Long , Lyle Ungar