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The empirical classification of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) into long and short GRBs based on their durations is already firmly established. This empirical classification is generally linked to the physical classification of GRBs originating…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-17 Jia-Wei Luo , Fei-Fei Wang , Jia-Ming Zhu-Ge , Ye Li , Yuan-Chuan Zou , Bing Zhang

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are intense, short-lived bursts of gamma-ray radiation observed up to a high redshift ($z \sim 10$) due to their luminosities. Thus, they can serve as cosmological tools to probe the early Universe. However, we need…

While Gamma-Ray Burst (GRBs) are clear and distinct observed events, every individual GRB is unique. In fact, GRBs are known for their variable behaviour, and BATSE was already able to discover two categories of GRB from the T90…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-25 Karlijn Kruiswijk , Gwenhaël de Wasseige

We propose a new method for the classification of optically dark gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), based on the X-ray and optical-to-X-ray spectral indices of GRB afterglows, and utilizing the spectral capabilities of Swift. This method depends less…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-03-19 A. J. van der Horst , C. Kouveliotou , N. Gehrels , E. Rol , R. A. M. J. Wijers , J. K. Cannizzo , J. Racusin , D. N. Burrows

Using an established classification technique, we leverage standard observations and analyses to predict the progenitors of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). This technique, utilizing support vector machine (SVM) statistics, provides a more nuanced…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-15 P. Nuessle , J. L. Racusin , N. E. White

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the most luminous explosions in the Universe and serve as powerful probes of the early cosmos. However, the rapid fading of their afterglows and the scarcity of spectroscopic measurements make photometric…

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are commonly attributed to the demise of massive stars or the merger of binary compact objects. However, their varied emission characteristics strongly imply the existence of multiple GRB classes based on progenitor…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-12 Nishil Mehta , Shabnam Iyyani

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are generally believed to originate from two distinct progenitors, compact binary mergers and massive collapsars. Traditional and some recent machine learning-based classification schemes predominantly rely on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-22 Si-Yuan Zhu , Lang Shao , Pak-Hin Thomas Tam , Fu-Wen Zhang

We present an analysis of early BAT and XRT data for 107 gamma--ray bursts (GRBs) observed by the Swift satellite. We use these data to examine the behaviour of the X-ray light curve and propose a classification scheme for GRBs based on…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 P. T. O'Brien , R. Willingale

A significant fraction of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) exhibit a plateau in the early X-ray afterglow light curve, whose mechanism remains uncertain. While the post-plateau normal decay index ($\alpha_2$) is commonly used to constrain the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-03 Xiao-Fei Dong , Yong-Feng Huang , Chen Deng , Ze-Cheng Zou , Jin-Jun Geng , Fan Xu , Chen-Ran Hu , Orkash Amat , Xiu-Juan Li , Liang Li , Abdusattar Kurban

In order to obtain an overview of the gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), we need a full sample. In this paper, we collected 6289 GRBs (from GRB 910421 to GRB 160509A) from the literature, including prompt emission, afterglow and host galaxy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-05-13 Feifei Wang , Yuan-Chuan Zou , Fuxiang Liu , Bin Liao , Yu Liu , Yating Chai , Lei Xia

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are usually classified into long/short categories according to their durations, but controversy still exists in this aspect. Here we re-examine the long/short classification of GRBs and further compare the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-12-02 Juan-Juan Luo , Liang Zhang , Li-Yun Zhang , Yong-Feng Huang , Jia-Quan Lin , Jun-Wang Lu , Xiao-Fei Dong

We present the results of a comprehensive study of the luminosity function, energetics, prompt gamma-ray correlations, and classification methodology of short-hard and long-soft GRBs (SGRBs and LGRBs), based on observational data in the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-06 Amir Shahmoradi , Robert J. Nemiroff

We present a comprehensive statistical analysis of Swift X-ray light-curves of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) collecting data from more than 650 GRBs discovered by Swift and other facilities. The unprecedented sample size allows us to constrain…

Gravitational microlensing of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) provides a unique opportunity to probe compact dark matter and small-scale structures in the Universe. However, identifying such microlensed GRBs within large data sets is a significant…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-20 Mohammad H. Zhoolideh Haghighi , Zeinab Kalantari , Sohrab Rahvar , Alaa Ibrahim

The three gamma-ray burst (GRB) classes identified by statistical clustering analysis (Mukherjee et al. 1998) are examined using the pattern recognition algorithm C4.5 (Quinlan 1986). Although the statistical existence of Class 3…

A large fraction of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) shows a plateau phase during the X-ray afterglow emission, whose physical origin is still debated. In this work we define a sample of 30 GRBs with simultaneous X-ray and optical data during and…

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are ultra-relativistic collimated outflows, which emit synchrotron radiation throughout the entire electromagnetic spectrum when they interact with their environment. This afterglow emission enables us to probe the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-02-09 M. D. Aksulu , R. A. M. J. Wijers , H. J. van Eerten , A. J. van der Horst

Aims. An attempt to classify gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with a low level of supervision using the state-of-the-start approaches stemming from graph theory was undertaken. Methods. Graph-based classification methods, relying on different…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-09-28 Mariusz Tarnopolski

Gamma-Ray bursts (GRBs) have been traditionally classified based on their duration. The increasing number of extended emission (EE) GRBs, lasting typically more than 2 seconds but with properties similar to those of a short GRBs, challenges…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-05 K. Garcia-Cifuentes , R. L. Becerra , F. De Colle , J. I. Cabrera , C. del Burgo
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