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Related papers: GRB Optical and X-ray Plateau Properties Classifie…

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We present a comprehensive statistical analysis of Swift X-ray light-curves of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), with more than 650 GRBs. Two questions drive this effort: (1) Does the X-ray emission retain any kind of memory of the prompt phase? (2)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-14 Raffaella Margutti , E. Zaninoni , M. G. Bernardini , G. Chincarini

The duration of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) is a key indicator of its physics origin, with long bursts perhaps associated with the collapse of massive stars and short bursts with mergers of neutron stars.However, there is substantial overlap in…

A class of long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with a plateau phase in their X-ray afterglows obeys a three-dimensional (3D) relation (Dainotti et al. 2016), between the rest-frame time at the end of the plateau, Ta, its corresponding X-ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-11-01 Maria Dainotti , Christian Gilbertson , Sergey Postnikov , Shigehiro Nagataki , Richard Willingale

Classification of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has been a long-standing puzzle in high-energy astrophysics. Recent observations challenge the traditional short vs. long viewpoint, where long GRBs are thought to originate from the collapse of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-09-02 Dimple , K. Misra , K. G. Arun

Two classes of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), short and long, have been determined without any doubts, and are usually ascribed to different progenitors, yet these classes overlap for a variety of descriptive parameters. A subsample of 46 long…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-10-05 Mariusz Tarnopolski

The classification of Gamma-Ray Bursts has long been an unresolved problem. Early long and short burst classification based on duration is not convincing due to the significant overlap in duration plot, which leads to different views on the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-12-10 Jia-Ming Chen , Ke-Rui Zhu , Zhao-Yang Peng , Li Zhang

In this paper we give a brief review of our recent studies on the long and short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected Swift, in an effort to understand the puzzle of classifying GRBs. We consider that it is still an appealing conjecture that…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-01-29 Lang Shao , Fu-Wen Zhang , Zi-Gao Dai , Zhi-Ping Jin , Jing-Zhi Yan , Da-Ming Wei

The observational diversity of optical emission, which coincides with prompt gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), has been discovered in the recent Swift era. We show that on the assumption of the synchrotron radiation for the observed energy range…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Hirotsugu Doi , Kentaro Takami , Ryo Yamazaki

This manuscript presents a multilevel analysis of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We focus on the plateau phase, which is often observed in the light curves (LCs) of GRBs. We discuss its observational properties and then thoroughly examine…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-04-09 Aleksander Ł. Lenart , Maria G. Dainotti , Nikita Khatiya , Dhruv Bal , Dieter H. Hartmann , Nissim Fraija , Bing Zhang

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are fascinating events due to their panchromatic nature. Their afterglow emission is observed from sub-TeV energies to radio wavelengths. We investigate GRBs that present an optical plateau, leveraging on the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-06 M. G. Dainotti , S. Livermore , D. A. Kann , L. Li , S. Oates , S. Yi , B. Zhang , B. Gendre , B. Cenko , N. Fraija

The statistics of X-ray flares in the afterglow of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been studied extensively without considering the possible different origins of each flare. By satisfying six observational criteria, we find a sample composed…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-02-07 Y. Wang , Y. Aimuratov , R. Moradi , M. Peresano , R. Ruffini , S. Shakeri

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) show diverse X-ray afterglow light-curves, including breaks and plateaus, whose physical origins remain debated. Previous claims linked high-energy ($E \ge 100$ MeV) detection to X-ray afterglow complexity or plateau…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-27 A. A. Vigliano , F. Longo , Ž. Bošnjak

A class of long Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) presenting light curves with an extended plateau phase in their X-ray afterglows obeys a correlation between the rest frame end time of the plateau, $T_a$, and its corresponding X-ray luminosity,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-02-15 Maria Giovanna Dainotti , Sergey Postnikov , Xavier Hernandez , Michał Ostrowski

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are spectacularly energetic events, with the potential to inform on the early universe and its evolution, once their redshifts are known. Unfortunately, determining redshifts is a painstaking procedure requiring…

Although it is generally assumed that there are two dominant classes of gamma-ray bursts (GRB) with different typical durations, it has been difficult to unambiguously classify GRBs as short or long from summary properties such as duration,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-15 Charles L. Steinhardt , William J. Mann , Vadim Rusakov , Christian K. Jespersen

We analyze a sample of\textit{ Swift} gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with extended emissions in $\gamma$-rays and/or X-ray plateaus that may be driven by magnetars. Multi-wavelength data and multi-standards have been adopted to investigate the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-01 C. T. Hao , J. H. Jing , X. L. Han , H. R. Lan , W. C. Du , X. N. Liu , Z. B. Zhang , H. C. Liu , J. F. Wu , X. L. Xia

A large fraction of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) lightcurves (LCs) shows X-ray plateaus. We analyze all GRBs with known redshifts presenting plateaus observed by \emph{The Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory} from its launch until August 2019. The…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-11-24 Maria Giovanna Dainotti , Aleksander Lenart , Giuseppe Sarracino , Shigehiro Nagataki , Salvatore Capozziello , Nissim Fraija

Phenomenologically, two classes of GRBs (long/soft vs. short/hard) are identified based on their gamma-ray properties. The boundary between the two classes is vague. Multi-wavelength observations lead to identification of two types of GRB…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-04 Bing Zhang

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), as a possible probe to extend the Hubble diagram to high redshifts, have attracted much attention recently. In this paper, we select two samples of GRBs that have a plateau phase in X-ray afterglow. One is short…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-11 J. P. Hu , F. Y. Wang , Z. G. Dai

Determining the kinds of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has been of interest to astronomers for many years. We analyzed 1599 GRBs from the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) 4Br catalogue using $t$-mixtures-model-based clustering on all…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-09-28 Souradeep Chattopadhyay , Ranjan Maitra