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The simple concept of a SIC poses a very deep problem in algebraic number theory, as soon as the dimension of Hilbert space exceeds three. A detailed description of the simplest possible example is given.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-05 Ingemar Bengtsson

We give an overview of some remarkable connections between symmetric informationally complete measurements (SIC-POVMs, or SICs) and algebraic number theory, in particular, a connection with Hilbert's 12th problem. The paper is meant to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-25 Marcus Appleby , Steven Flammia , Gary McConnell , Jon Yard

The notion of Symmetric Informationally Complete Positive Operator-Valued Measures (SIC-POVMs) arose in physics as a kind of optimal measurement basis for quantum systems. However the question of their existence is equivalent to that of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-03 Gary McConnell

The existence of a set of d^2 pairwise equiangular complex lines (equivalently, a SIC-POVM) in d-dimensional Hilbert space is currently known only for a finite set of dimensions d. We prove that, if there exists a set of real units in a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-12-18 Gene S. Kopp

We consider the existence in arbitrary finite dimensions d of a POVM comprised of d^2 rank-one operators all of whose operator inner products are equal. Such a set is called a ``symmetric, informationally complete'' POVM (SIC-POVM) and is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-16 Joseph M. Renes , Robin Blume-Kohout , A. J. Scott , Carlton M. Caves

Examples of symmetric informationally complete positive operator valued measures (SIC-POVMs) have been constructed in every dimension less than or equal to 67. However, it remains an open question whether they exist in all finite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-28 D. M. Appleby , Steven T. Flammia , Christopher A. Fuchs

Symmetric Informationally Complete Positive Operator-Valued Measures (SIC-POVMs) have been constructed in many dimensions using the Weyl-Heisenberg group. In the quantum information community, it is commonly believed that SCI-POVMs exist in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-28 S. B. Samuel , Z. Gedik

An unavoidable task in quantum information processing is how to obtain data about the state of an individual system by suitable measurements. Informationally complete measurements are relevant in quantum state tomography, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-08-19 Alexey E. Rastegin

We address the problem of constructing positive operator-valued measures (POVMs) in finite dimension $n$ consisting of $n^2$ operators of rank one which have an inner product close to uniform. This is motivated by the related question of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Andreas Klappenecker , Martin Roetteler , Igor Shparlinski , Arne Winterhof

The existence problem for maximal sets of equiangular lines (or SICs) in complex Hilbert space of dimension $d$ remains largely open. In a previous publication (arXiv:2112.05552) we gave a conjectural algorithm for how to construct a SIC if…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Ingemar Bengtsson , Markus Grassl , Gary McConnell

Symmetric informationally complete positive operator valued measures (SIC-POVMs) are studied within the framework of the probability representation of quantum mechanics. A SIC-POVM is shown to be a special case of the probability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-09-16 S. N. Filippov , V. I. Man'ko

This is a survey of some very old knowledge about Mutually Unbiased Bases (MUB) and Symmetric Informationally Complete POVMs (SIC). In prime dimensions the former are closely tied to an elliptic normal curve symmetric under the Heisenberg…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 Ingemar Bengtsson

SIC-POVMs are configurations of points or rank-one projections arising from the action of a finite Heisenberg group on $\mathbb C^d$. The resulting equations are interpreted in terms of moment maps by focussing attention on the orbit of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-29 Kael Dixon , Simon Salamon

In the four-dimensional Hilbert space, there exist 16 Heisenberg--Weyl (HW) covariant symmetric informationally complete positive operator valued measures (SIC~POVMs) consisting of 256 fiducial states on a single orbit of the Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-08-05 Huangjun Zhu , Yong Siah Teo , Berthold-Georg Englert

Recently, several intriguing conjectures have been proposed connecting symmetric informationally complete quantum measurements (SIC POVMs, or SICs) and algebraic number theory. These conjectures relate the SICs and their minimal defining…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-28 Marcus Appleby , Tuan-Yow Chien , Steven Flammia , Shayne Waldron

Symmetric informationally complete positive operator-valued measurement (SIC-POVM) is one important class of quantum measurement which is crucial for various quantum information processing tasks. SIC-POVMs have the advantage of providing an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-09 Zhihao Bian , Jian Li , Hao Qin , Xiang Zhan , Peng Xue

It is crucial for various quantum information processing tasks that the state of a quantum system can be determined reliably and efficiently from general quantum measurements. One important class of measurements for this purpose is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-17 Gelo Noel M. Tabia

We construct the set of all general (i.e. not necessarily rank 1) symmetric informationally complete (SIC) positive operator valued measures (POVMs). In particular, we show that any orthonormal basis of a real vector space of dimension…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-08-15 Amir Kalev , Gilad Gour

We study entanglement witness and present a construction of entanglement witnesses in terms of the symmetric informationally complete measurements (SIC-POVM). The capability of our witness is shown by some examples and it can be found this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-04 Tao Li , Le-Min Lai , Deng-Feng Liang , Shao-Ming Fei , Zhi-Xi Wang

Generalized quantum measurements (also known as POVMs) are of great importance in quantum information and quantum foundations, but often difficult to perform. We present an experimental approach which can in principle be used to perform…

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