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Related papers: Hellmann Feynman Theorem in Non-Hermitian system

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Despite acute interest in the dynamics of non-Hermitian systems, there is a lack of consensus in the mathematical formulation of non-Hermitian quantum mechanics in the community. Different methodologies are used in the literature to study…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Karin Sim , Nicolò Defenu , Paolo Molignini , R. Chitra

We extend to a non-Hermitian fermionic quantum field theory with PT symmetry our previous discussion of second quantization, discrete symmetry transformations, and inner products in a scalar field theory [arXiv:2006.06656]. For…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-09-12 Jean Alexandre , John Ellis , Peter Millington

The non-Hermitian Hamiltonian describes the effective dynamics of a system coupled to a continuously measured bath, and can exhibit anti-unitary symmetries that give rise to exceptional points and broken phases with complex eigenvalues,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Sejal Ahuja , Keshav Das Agarwal , Aditi Sen De

The Stone theorem requires that in a physical Hilbert space ${\cal H}$ the time-evolution of a stable quantum system is unitary if and only if the corresponding Hamiltonian $H$ is self-adjoint. Sometimes, a simpler picture of the evolution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-11 Miloslav Znojil

Exceptional points (EPs), the degeneracy point of non-Hermitian systems, have recently attracted great attention after its ability to greatly enhance the sensitivity of micro-cavities is demonstrated experimentally. Unlike the usual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-04 Geng-Li Zhang , Di Liu , Xi-Ming Wang , Man-Hong Yung

We point out that two of the most important theorems of Quantum Mechanics, the Ehrenfest theorem and the Hellmann-Feynman theorem, lack in their standard form important information: there are cases where non-Hermitian boundary contributions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-12 Georgios Konstantinou , Kyriakos Kyriakou , Konstantinos Moulopoulos

Non-Hermitian PT-symmetric quantum-mechanical Hamiltonians generally exhibit a phase transition that separates two parametric regions, (i) a region of unbroken PT symmetry in which the eigenvalues are all real, and (ii) a region of broken…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-11 Carl M. Bender , David J. Weir

The {\eta} pseudo PT symmetry theory, denoted by the symbol {\eta}, explores the conditions under which non-Hermitian Hamiltonians can possess real spectra despite the violation of PT symmetry, that is the adjoint of H, denoted H^{{\dag}}…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-09 Mustapha Maamache , Nour El Houda Absi

Quantum phase transitions are usually studied in terms of Hermitian Hamiltonians. However, cold-atom experiments are intrinsically non-Hermitian due to spontaneous decay. Here, we show that non-Hermitian systems exhibit quantum phase…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2014-10-08 Tony E. Lee , Ching-Kit Chan

In this short note we resort to the well known Hellmann-Feynman theorem to prove that some non-relativistic Hamiltonian operators support an infinite number of bound states.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-05 Paolo Amore , Francisco M. Fernández

If a Hamiltonian is PT symmetric, there are two possibilities: Either the eigenvalues are entirely real, in which case the Hamiltonian is said to be in an unbroken-PT-symmetric phase, or else the eigenvalues are partly real and partly…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Carl M. Bender , Bjorn K. Berntson , David Parker , E. Samuel

Non-Hermitian physics has become a fundamental framework for understanding open systems where gain and loss play essential roles, with impact across photonics, quantum science, and condensed matter. While the role of complex eigenvalues is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Kyu-Won Park , Soojoon Lee , Kabgyun Jeong

Phase transitions are fundamental in nature. A small parameter change near a critical point leads to a qualitative change in system properties. Across a regular phase transition, the system remains in thermal equilibrium and, therefore,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-12-24 Jingwen Li , Michael Turaev , Masakazu Matsubara , Kristin Kliemt , Cornelius Krellner , Shovon Pal , Manfred Fiebig , Johann Kroha

Quantum physics can be extended into the complex domain by considering non-Hermitian Hamiltonians that are $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric. These exhibit exceptional points (EPs) where the eigenspectrum changes from purely real to purely imaginary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Jia-Jia Wang , Yu-Hong He , Chang-Geng Liao , Rong-Xin Chen , Jacob A. Dunningham

We discuss second quantization, discrete symmetry transformations and inner products in free non-Hermitian scalar quantum field theories with PT symmetry, focusing on a prototype model of two complex scalar fields with anti-Hermitian mass…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-01-05 Jean Alexandre , John Ellis , Peter Millington

The construction of exactly-solvable models has recently been advanced by considering integrable $T\bar{T}$ deformations and related Hamiltonian deformations in quantum mechanics. We introduce a broader class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonian…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-01-18 Apollonas S. Matsoukas-Roubeas , Federico Roccati , Julien Cornelius , Zhenyu Xu , Aurelia Chenu , Adolfo del Campo

Non-Hermitian dynamics in quantum systems have unveiled novel phenomena, yet the implementation of valid non-Hermitian quantum measurement remains a challenge, because a universal quantum projective mechanism on the complete but skewed…

Unitarity is a cornerstone of quantum theory, ensuring the conservation of probability and information. Although non-Hermitian Hamiltonians are typically associated with open or dissipative systems, pseudo-Hermitian quantum mechanics shows…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-03 Ruifeng Leng , Cheng-Yang Lee , Siyi Zhou

PT-symmetric quantum theory was originally proposed with the aim of extending standard quantum theory by relaxing the Hermiticity constraint on Hamiltonians. However, no such extension has been formulated that consistently describes states,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-26 Abhijeet Alase , Salini Karuvade , Carlo Maria Scandolo

Describing systems with non-Hermitian (NH) operators remains a challenge in quantum theory due to instabilities (e.g., exceptional points and decoherence) arising from interactions with the environment. We propose a framework to express the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Priyanshi Bhasin , Tanmoy Das