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A graph is geometric 1-planar if it admits a straight-line drawing where each edge is crossed at most once. We provide the first systematic study of the parameterized complexity of recognizing geometric 1-planar graphs. By substantially…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Alexander Firbas

A plane graph is rectilinear planar if it admits an embedding-preserving straight-line drawing where each edge is either horizontal or vertical. We prove that rectilinear planarity testing can be solved in optimal $O(n)$ time for any plane…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Walter Didimo , Michael Kaufmann , Giuseppe Liotta , Giacomo Ortali

We discuss the problem of embedding graphs in the plane with restrictions on the vertex mapping. In particular, we introduce a technique for drawing planar graphs with a fixed vertex mapping that bounds the number of times edges bend. An…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2012-06-05 Taylor Gordon

Orienting the edges of an undirected graph such that the resulting digraph satisfies some given constraints is a classical problem in graph theory, with multiple algorithmic applications. In particular, an $st$-orientation orients each edge…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Carla Binucci , Giuseppe Liotta , Fabrizio Montecchiani , Giacomo Ortali , Tommaso Piselli

Given a straight-line drawing of a graph, a segment is a maximal set of edges that form a line segment. Given a planar graph $G$, the segment number of $G$ is the minimum number of segments that can be achieved by any planar straight-line…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Sabine Cornelsen , Giordano Da Lozzo , Luca Grilli , Siddharth Gupta , Jan Kratochvíl , Alexander Wolff

In a right-angle crossing (RAC) drawing of a graph, each edge is represented as a polyline and edge crossings must occur at an angle of exactly $90^\circ$, where the number of bends on such polylines is typically restricted in some way.…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Cornelius Brand , Robert Ganian , Sebastian Röder , Florian Schager

Upward planarity testing and Rectilinear planarity testing are central problems in graph drawing. It is known that they are both NP-complete, but XP when parameterized by treewidth. In this paper we show that these two problems are…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Bart M. P. Jansen , Liana Khazaliya , Philipp Kindermann , Giuseppe Liotta , Fabrizio Montecchiani , Kirill Simonov

We investigate the problem of constructing planar drawings with few bends for two related problems, the partially embedded graph problem---to extend a straight-line planar drawing of a subgraph to a planar drawing of the whole graph---and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2014-10-31 Timothy M. Chan , Fabrizio Frati , Carsten Gutwenger , Anna Lubiw , Petra Mutzel , Marcus Schaefer

In extension problems of partial graph drawings one is given an incomplete drawing of an input graph $G$ and is asked to complete the drawing while maintaining certain properties. A prominent area where such problems arise is that of…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Robert Ganian , Thekla Hamm , Fabian Klute , Irene Parada , Birgit Vogtenhuber

We define the \emph{visual complexity} of a plane graph drawing to be the number of basic geometric objects needed to represent all its edges. In particular, one object may represent multiple edges (e.g., one needs only one line segment to…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Gregor Hültenschmidt , Philipp Kindermann , Wouter Meulemans , André Schulz

We consider the problem of drawing an outerplanar graph with $n$ vertices with at most one bend per edge if the outer face is already drawn as a simple polygon. We prove that it can be decided in $O(nm)$ time if such a drawing exists, where…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Patrizio Angelini , Philipp Kindermann , Andre Löffler , Lena Schlipf , Antonios Symvonis

Orthogonal drawings, i.e., embeddings of graphs into grids, are a classic topic in Graph Drawing. Often the goal is to find a drawing that minimizes the number of bends on the edges. A key ingredient for bend minimization algorithms is the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Lukas Barth , Benjamin Niedermann , Ignaz Rutter , Matthias Wolf

The problem Level Planarity asks for a crossing-free drawing of a graph in the plane such that vertices are placed at prescribed y-coordinates (called levels) and such that every edge is realized as a y-monotone curve. In the variant…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Boris Klemz , Marie Diana Sieper

Octilinear graph drawings are a standard paradigm extending the orthogonal graph drawing style by two additional slopes (+1 and -1). We are interested in two constrained drawing problems where the input specifies a so-called representation,…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Henry Förster , Giacomo Ortali , Lena Schlip

We consider the problem of creating plane orthogonal drawings of 4-planar graphs (planar graphs with maximum degree 4) with constraints on the number of bends per edge. More precisely, we have a flexibility function assigning to each edge…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-01-08 Thomas Bläsius , Sebastian Lehmann , Ignaz Rutter

We continue and extend previous work on the parameterized complexity analysis of the NP-hard Stable Roommates with Ties and Incomplete Lists problem, thereby strengthening earlier results both on the side of parameterized hardness as well…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Robert Bredereck , Klaus Heeger , Dušan Knop , Rolf Niedermeier

Algorithmic extension problems of partial graph representations such as planar graph drawings or geometric intersection representations are of growing interest in topological graph theory and graph drawing. In such an extension problem, we…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Eduard Eiben , Robert Ganian , Thekla Hamm , Fabian Klute , Martin Nöllenburg

The concept of $k$-planarity is extensively studied in the context of Beyond Planarity. A graph is $k$-planar if it admits a drawing in the plane in which each edge is crossed at most $k$ times. The local crossing number of a graph is the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Tatsuya Gima , Yasuaki Kobayashi , Yuto Okada

We show that finding orthogonal grid-embeddings of plane graphs (planar with fixed combinatorial embedding) with the minimum number of bends in the so-called Kandinsky model (which allows vertices of degree $> 4$) is NP-complete, thus…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2014-05-12 Thomas Bläsius , Guido Brückner , Ignaz Rutter

We consider the following natural graph cut problem called Critical Node Cut (CNC): Given a graph $G$ on $n$ vertices, and two positive integers $k$ and $x$, determine whether $G$ has a set of $k$ vertices whose removal leaves $G$ with at…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-06-30 Danny Hermelin , Moshe Kaspi , Christian Komusiewicz , Barak Navon