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Analyzing the gaze accuracy characteristics of an eye tracker is a critical task as its gaze data is frequently affected by non-ideal operating conditions in various consumer eye tracking applications. In this study, gaze error patterns…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-11 Anuradha Kar

In recent years, head-mounted near-eye display devices have become the key hardware foundation for virtual reality and augmented reality. Thus head-mounted gaze tracking technology has received attention as an essential part of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Wei Zhang , Jiaxi Cao , Xiang Wang , Enqi Tian , Bin Li

Dyslexia, affecting an estimated 10% to 20% of the global population, significantly impairs learning capabilities, highlighting the need for innovative and accessible diagnostic methods. This paper investigates the effectiveness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Kevin Cogan , Vuong M. Ngo , Mark Roantree

Research investigating cognitive aspects of information systems is often dependent on detail-rich data. Eye-trackers promise to provide respective data, but the associated costs are often beyond the researchers' budget. Recently,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2015-11-16 Stefan Zugal , Jakob Pinggera

Gaze tracking is a useful human-to-computer interface, which plays an increasingly important role in a range of mobile applications. Gaze calibration is an indispensable component of gaze tracking, which transforms the eye coordinates to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Songzhou Yang , Meng Jin , Yuan He

Retinal image-based eye tracking is widely used in ophthalmic imaging and vision science, and is a promising path to deliver higher gaze accuracy than the pupil- and cornea-based approaches commonly used in modern AR/VR devices.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Bo Wen , Dillon Lohr , Yatong An , Pushkar Anand , Alexander Fix , Ruobing Qian , Catherine A. Fromm , Yimin Ding , Truong Nguyen , Mohamed El-Haddad , Francesco La Rocca

In this paper a review is presented of the research on eye gaze estimation techniques and applications, that has progressed in diverse ways over the past two decades. Several generic eye gaze use-cases are identified: desktop, TV,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Anuradha Kar , Peter Corcoran

A significant limitation of current smartphone-based eye-tracking algorithms is their low accuracy when applied to video-type visual stimuli, as they are typically trained on static images. Also, the increasing demand for real-time…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Nishan Gunawardena , Gough Yumu Lui , Jeewani Anupama Ginige , Bahman Javadi

With advancements in AI, new gaze estimation methods are exceeding state-of-the-art (SOTA) benchmarks, but their real-world application reveals a gap with commercial eye-tracking solutions. Factors like model size, inference time, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Eduardo Davalos , Yike Zhang , Namrata Srivastava , Yashvitha Thatigotla , Jorge A. Salas , Sara McFadden , Sun-Joo Cho , Amanda Goodwin , Ashwin TS , Gautam Biswas

PeyeDF is a Portable Document Format (PDF) reader with eye tracking support, available as free and open source software. It is especially useful to researchers investigating reading and learning phenomena, as it integrates PDF…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-05-02 Marco Filetti , Hamed R. Tavakoli , Niklas Ravaja , Giulio Jacucci

In this paper we consider the problem of tracking the progression of reading through eye-gaze measurements. Such an algorithm is novel and will ultimately help to develop a method of analyzing eye-gaze data which had been collected during…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Stephen Bottos , Balakumar Balasingam

Losing track of reading progress during line switching can be frustrating. Eye gaze tracking technology offers a potential solution by highlighting read paragraphs, aiding users in avoiding wrong line switches. However, the gap between gaze…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Sikai Yang , Gang Yan , Wan Du

Conventional mobile eye-tracking maps gaze to static screen coordinates, failing to capture user attention when content is dynamic. As users pinch, zoom, and rotate images, static coordinates lose their semantic meaning relative to the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yaxiong Lei , Rishab Talwar , Shijing He , Xinya Gong , Yuheng Wang , Xudong Cai , Zhongliang Guo , Juan Ye

Enabling gaze interaction in real-time on handheld mobile devices has attracted significant attention in recent years. An increasing number of research projects have focused on sophisticated appearance-based deep learning models to enhance…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Yaxiong Lei , Yuheng Wang , Tyler Caslin , Alexander Wisowaty , Xu Zhu , Mohamed Khamis , Juan Ye

Video-based eye tracking is a valuable technique in various research fields. Numerous open-source eye tracking algorithms have been developed in recent years, primarily designed for general application with many different camera types.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-28 Terence Brouns

This work presents a next-generation human-robot interface that can infer and realize the user's manipulation intention via sight only. Specifically, we develop a system that integrates near-eye-tracking and robotic manipulation to enable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Shaochen Wang , Wei Zhang , Zhangli Zhou , Jiaxi Cao , Ziyang Chen , Kang Chen , Bin Li , Zhen Kan

In this paper, we present two approaches and algorithms that adapt areas of interest We present a new deep neural network (DNN) that can be used to directly determine gaze position using EEG data. EEG-based eye tracking is a new and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-13 Wolfgang Fuhl , Susanne Zabel , Theresa Harbig , Julia Astrid Moldt , Teresa Festl Wiete , Anne Herrmann Werner , Kay Nieselt

Eye gaze is considered an important indicator for understanding and predicting user behaviour, as well as directing their attention across various domains including advertisement design, human-computer interaction and film viewing. In this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Karolina Trajkovska , Matjaž Kljun , Klen Čopič Pucihar

We introduce EyeTheia, a lightweight and open deep learning pipeline for webcam-based gaze estimation, designed for browser-based experimental platforms and real-world cognitive and clinical research. EyeTheia enables real-time gaze…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Stevenson Pather , Niels Martignène , Arnaud Bugnet , Fouad Boutaleb , Fabien D'Hondt , Deise Santana Maia

We present a novel, automatic eye gaze tracking scheme inspired by smooth pursuit eye motion while playing mobile games or watching virtual reality contents. Our algorithm continuously calibrates an eye tracking system for a head mounted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-22 Subarna Tripathi , Brian Guenter