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This paper assesses the potential for the large language models (LLMs) GPT-4 and GPT-3.5 to aid in deriving insight from education feedback surveys. Exploration of LLM use cases in education has focused on teaching and learning, with less…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Michael J. Parker , Caitlin Anderson , Claire Stone , YeaRim Oh

In many scientific fields, large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the way text and other modalities of data (e.g., molecules and proteins) are handled, achieving superior performance in various applications and augmenting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Yu Zhang , Xiusi Chen , Bowen Jin , Sheng Wang , Shuiwang Ji , Wei Wang , Jiawei Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly impacted numerous domains, including Software Engineering (SE). Many recent publications have explored LLMs applied to various SE tasks. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Xinyi Hou , Yanjie Zhao , Yue Liu , Zhou Yang , Kailong Wang , Li Li , Xiapu Luo , David Lo , John Grundy , Haoyu Wang

The new polymath Large Language Models (LLMs) can speed-up greatly scientific reviews, possibly using more unbiased quantitative metrics, facilitating cross-disciplinary connections, and identifying emerging trends and research gaps by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Chenxi Wu , Alan John Varghese , Vivek Oommen , George Em Karniadakis

Quantitative evaluation metrics have traditionally been pivotal in gauging the advancements of artificial intelligence systems, including large language models (LLMs). However, these metrics have inherent limitations. Given the intricate…

Large language models (LLMs) are expected to offer structured Markdown responses for the sake of readability in web chatbots (e.g., ChatGPT). Although there are a myriad of metrics to evaluate LLMs, they fail to evaluate the readability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zhongpu Chen , Yinfeng Liu , Long Shi , Xingyan Chen , Yu Zhao , Fuji Ren

As Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve significant breakthroughs in complex reasoning tasks, evaluating their proficiency in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) has become a primary method for measuring machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xuzhao Li , Xuchen Li , Jian Zhao , Shiyu Hu

The potential of large language models (LLMs) in specialized domains such as legal risk analysis remains underexplored. In response to growing interest in locally deploying open-source LLMs for legal tasks while preserving data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Shuang Liu , Zelong Li , Ruoyun Ma , Haiyan Zhao , Mengnan Du

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate significant potential in advancing medical applications, yet their capabilities in addressing medical ethics challenges remain underexplored. This paper introduces MedEthicEval, a novel benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Haoan Jin , Jiacheng Shi , Hanhui Xu , Kenny Q. Zhu , Mengyue Wu

Recently, the evaluation of Large Language Models has emerged as a popular area of research. The three crucial questions for LLM evaluation are ``what, where, and how to evaluate''. However, the existing research mainly focuses on the first…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yue Zhang , Ming Zhang , Haipeng Yuan , Shichun Liu , Yongyao Shi , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

This study presents a framework for automated evaluation of dynamically evolving topic taxonomies in scientific literature using Large Language Models (LLMs). In digital library systems, topic modeling plays a crucial role in efficiently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Zhiyin Tan , Jennifer D'Souza

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have driven extensive evaluations in software engineering. however, most prior work concentrates on code-level tasks, leaving software design capabilities underexplored. To fill this gap, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Bingxu Xiao , Yunwei Dong , Yiqi Tang , Manqing Zhang , Yifan Zhou , Chunyan Ma , Yepang Liu

Existing evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) on static benchmarks is vulnerable to data contamination and leaderboard overfitting, critical issues that obscure true model capabilities. To address this, we introduce LLMEval-Fair, a…

With the accelerating development of Large Language Models (LLMs), many LLMs are beginning to be used in the Chinese K-12 education domain. The integration of LLMs and education is getting closer and closer, however, there is currently no…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Jinchang Hou , Chang Ao , Haihong Wu , Xiangtao Kong , Zhigang Zheng , Daijia Tang , Chengming Li , Xiping Hu , Ruifeng Xu , Shiwen Ni , Min Yang

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to scientific reasoning, the complexity of answer formats and the diversity of equivalent expressions make answer verification a critical yet challenging task. Existing verification…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Shenghe Zheng , Chenyu Huang , Fangchen Yu , Junchi Yao , Jingqi Ye , Tao Chen , Yun Luo , Ning Ding , LEI BAI , Ganqu Cui , Peng Ye

This paper presents CyberSecEval, a comprehensive benchmark developed to help bolster the cybersecurity of Large Language Models (LLMs) employed as coding assistants. As what we believe to be the most extensive unified cybersecurity safety…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in code generation, achieving high scores on benchmarks such as HumanEval and MBPP. However, these benchmarks primarily assess functional correctness and neglect broader…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Scott Blyth , Sherlock A. Licorish , Christoph Treude , Markus Wagner

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across a wide range of mathematical benchmarks. However, concerns remain as to whether these successes reflect genuine reasoning or superficial pattern recognition. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yujie Hou , Mei Wang , Yaoyao Zhong , Ting Zhang , Xuetao Ma , Hua Huang

In the domain of scientific imaging, interpreting visual data often demands an intricate combination of human expertise and deep comprehension of the subject materials. This study presents a novel methodology to linguistically emulate and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Abdulelah S. Alshehri , Franklin L. Lee , Shihu Wang

As scientific research becomes increasingly complex, innovative tools are needed to manage vast data, facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration, and accelerate discovery. Large language models (LLMs) are now evolving into LLM-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Shuo Ren , Can Xie , Pu Jian , Zhenjiang Ren , Chunlin Leng , Jiajun Zhang