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Reinforcement learning (RL) with sparse and deceptive rewards is challenging because non-zero rewards are rarely obtained. Hence, the gradient calculated by the agent can be stochastic and without valid information. Recent studies that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Guojian Wang , Faguo Wu , Xiao Zhang , Jianxiang Liu

In games, as well as many user-facing systems, adapting content to users' preferences and experience is an important challenge. This paper explores a novel method to realize this goal in the context of dynamic difficulty adjustment (DDA).…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Miguel González-Duque , Rasmus Berg Palm , Sebastian Risi

We study reinforcement learning (RL) for text-based games, which are interactive simulations in the context of natural language. While different methods have been developed to represent the environment information and language actions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Yunqiu Xu , Meng Fang , Ling Chen , Yali Du , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Chengqi Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been successful in training agents in various learning environments, including video-games. However, such work modifies and shrinks the action space from the game's original. This is to avoid trying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Anssi Kanervisto , Christian Scheller , Ville Hautamäki

Typical reinforcement learning (RL) methods show limited applicability for real-world industrial control problems because industrial systems involve various constraints and simultaneously require continuous and discrete control. To overcome…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Hyungjun Park , Daiki Min , Jong-hyun Ryu , Dong Gu Choi

Anomaly detection in time series data is important for applications in finance, healthcare, sensor networks, and industrial monitoring. Traditional methods usually struggle with limited labeled data, high false-positive rates, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Bahareh Golchin , Banafsheh Rekabdar , Kunpeng Liu

Embodied agents, such as robots and virtual characters, must continuously select actions to execute tasks effectively, solving complex sequential decision-making problems. Given the difficulty of designing such controllers manually,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Pedro Santana

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been around for decades and employed to solve various sequential decision-making problems. These algorithms however have faced great challenges when dealing with high-dimensional environments. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Saeid Nahavandi

Recently, data augmentation (DA) has emerged as a method for leveraging domain knowledge to inexpensively generate additional data in reinforcement learning (RL) tasks, often yielding substantial improvements in data efficiency. While prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Nicholas E. Corrado , Josiah P. Hanna

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has become a powerful methodology to solve complex decision-making problems. However, DRL has several limitations when used in real-world problems (e.g., robotics applications). For instance, long training…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Rodrigo Pérez-Dattari , Carlos Celemin , Javier Ruiz-del-Solar , Jens Kober

Text-based games are a natural challenge domain for deep reinforcement learning algorithms. Their state and action spaces are combinatorially large, their reward function is sparse, and they are partially observable: the agent is informed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Vishal Jain , William Fedus , Hugo Larochelle , Doina Precup , Marc G. Bellemare

The aim of reinforcement learning (RL) is to allow the agent to achieve the final goal. Most RL studies have focused on improving the efficiency of learning to achieve the final goal faster. However, the RL model is very difficult to modify…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-03 GyeongTaek Lee

Given the inherent non-stationarity prevalent in real-world applications, continual Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to equip the agent with the capability to address a series of sequentially presented decision-making tasks. Within this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Feng Chen , Fuguang Han , Cong Guan , Lei Yuan , Zhilong Zhang , Yang Yu , Zongzhang Zhang

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has shown its promising capabilities to learn optimal policies directly from trial and error. However, learning can be hindered if the goal of the learning, defined by the reward function, is "not optimal".…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Yizheng Zhang , Andre Rosendo

Reinforcement learning (RL) can refine Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies beyond behavior cloning, but real-world RL remains expensive due to extensive rollouts, resets, supervision, and safety risks. Action-conditioned video world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xiaokang Liu , Zechen Bai , Hai Ci , Kevin Yuchen Ma , Mike Zheng Shou

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has had success across various domains, but applying it to environments with constraints remains challenging due to poor sample efficiency and slow convergence. Recent literature explored incorporating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Mirco Theile , Lukas Dirnberger , Raphael Trumpp , Marco Caccamo , Alberto L. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli

Aligning generative diffusion models with human preferences via reinforcement learning (RL) is critical yet challenging. Most existing algorithms are often vulnerable to reward hacking, such as quality degradation, over-stylization, or…

Multimodal Reward Models (MRMs) play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). While recent advancements have primarily focused on improving the model structure and training data of MRMs, there…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Yi-Fan Zhang , Xingyu Lu , Xiao Hu , Chaoyou Fu , Bin Wen , Tianke Zhang , Changyi Liu , Kaiyu Jiang , Kaibing Chen , Kaiyu Tang , Haojie Ding , Jiankang Chen , Fan Yang , Zhang Zhang , Tingting Gao , Liang Wang

Adversarial training in reinforcement learning (RL) is challenging because perturbations cascade through trajectories and compound over time, making fixed-strength attacks either overly destructive or too conservative. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Lucas Schott , Elies Gherbi , Hatem Hajri , Sylvain Lamprier

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that reasoning ability can be significantly enhanced through Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR). Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has emerged as the de…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jingyu Zhou , Lu Ma , Hao Liang , Chengyu Shen , Bin Cui , Wentao Zhang