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Datasets nowadays are generally constructed from multiple sources and using different synthetic techniques, making data de-noising and de-duplication crucial before being used for post-training. In this work, we propose to perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Qi Jia , Siyu Ren , Ziheng Qin , Fuzhao Xue , Jinjie Ni , Yang You

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms often require long training to become useful, especially in complex environments with sparse rewards. While techniques like reward shaping and curriculum learning exist to accelerate training, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Lukas Toral , Teddy Lazebnik

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown superior performance in various applications and fields. To achieve better performance on specialized domains such as law and advertisement, LLMs are often continue pre-trained on in-domain data.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Xiao Liang , Xinyu Hu , Simiao Zuo , Yeyun Gong , Qiang Lou , Yi Liu , Shao-Lun Huang , Jian Jiao

In this paper, we propose a two-phase training approach where pre-trained large language models are continually pre-trained on parallel data and then supervised fine-tuned with a small amount of high-quality parallel data. To investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Minato Kondo , Takehito Utsuro , Masaaki Nagata

This paper introduces a simple and scalable approach to improve the data efficiency of large language model (LLM) training by augmenting existing text data with thinking trajectories. The compute for pre-training LLMs has been growing at an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Shaohan Huang , Li Dong , Furu Wei

Large language models (LLMs) are typically developed through large-scale pre-training followed by task-specific fine-tuning. Recent advances highlight the importance of an intermediate mid-training stage, where models undergo multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Kaixiang Mo , Yuxin Shi , Weiwei Weng , Zhiqiang Zhou , Shuman Liu , Haibo Zhang , Anxiang Zeng

Due to limited supervised training data, large language models (LLMs) are typically pre-trained via a self-supervised "predict the next word" objective on a vast amount of unstructured text data. To make the resulting model useful to users,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ajay Patel , Colin Raffel , Chris Callison-Burch

Training large language models (LLMs) typically involves pre-training on massive corpora, only to restart the process entirely when new data becomes available. A more efficient and resource-conserving approach would be continual…

In the rapidly advancing arena of large language models (LLMs), a key challenge is to enhance their capabilities amid a looming shortage of high-quality training data. Our study starts from an empirical strategy for the light continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Xuxi Chen , Zhendong Wang , Daouda Sow , Junjie Yang , Tianlong Chen , Yingbin Liang , Mingyuan Zhou , Zhangyang Wang

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in natural language processing (NLP). LLMs require an extreme amount of parameters to attain high performance. As models grow into the trillion-parameter range,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Zhyar Rzgar K Rostam , Sándor Szénási , Gábor Kertész

Deep learning has revolutionized many industries by enabling models to automatically learn complex patterns from raw data, reducing dependence on manual feature engineering. However, deep learning algorithms are sensitive to input data, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Mert Sehri , Zehui Hua , Francisco de Assis Boldt , Patrick Dumond

Data loading can dominate deep neural network training time on large-scale systems. We present a comprehensive study on accelerating data loading performance in large-scale distributed training. We first identify performance and scalability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Chih-Chieh Yang , Guojing Cong

Motivation. Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable proficiency in diverse software engineering (SE) tasks. Handling such tasks typically involves acquiring foundational coding knowledge on large, general-purpose datasets…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-02 José Antonio Hernández López , Boqi Chen , Mootez Saaz , Tushar Sharma , Dániel Varró

Advances in natural language processing, such as transfer learning from pre-trained language models, have impacted how models are trained for programming language tasks too. Previous research primarily explored code pre-training and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Pinzhen Chen , Gerasimos Lampouras

Recent advancements in code large language models (Code-LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in resolving programming related tasks. Meanwhile, researchers have recognized that the quality of pre-training data is crucial for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Chengli Xing , Zhengran Zeng , Gexiang Fang , Rui Xie , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various natural language processing tasks but face challenges in mathematical reasoning, where complex problem-solving requires both linguistic understanding and mathematical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Shuguang Chen , Guang Lin

This paper explores the challenges of test-time scaling of large language models (LLMs), regarding both the data and inference efficiency. We highlight the diversity of multi-lingual reasoning based on our pilot studies, and then introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Kang Chen , Mengdi Zhang , Yixin Cao

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) is now a common approach for text classification in a wide range of applications. When labeled documents are scarce, active learning helps save annotation efforts but requires retraining of massive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Artem Vysogorets , Achintya Gopal

The deployment of large-scale models, such as large language models (LLMs), incurs substantial costs due to their computational demands. To mitigate these costs and address challenges related to scalability and data security, there is a…

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) using diverse datasets is crucial for enhancing their overall performance across various domains. In practical scenarios, existing methods based on modeling the mixture proportions of data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Zhenqing Ling , Daoyuan Chen , Liuyi Yao , Qianli Shen , Yaliang Li , Ying Shen