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Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in settings where they interact with a wide variety of people, including users who are unclear, impatient, or reluctant to share information. However, collecting real interaction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Harshita Chopra , Kshitish Ghate , Aylin Caliskan , Tadayoshi Kohno , Chirag Shah , Natasha Jaques

User simulators are crucial for replicating human interactions with dialogue systems, supporting both collaborative training and automatic evaluation, especially for large language models (LLMs). However, current role-playing methods face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Kuang Wang , Xianfei Li , Shenghao Yang , Li Zhou , Feng Jiang , Haizhou Li

Task-oriented conversational systems are essential for efficiently addressing diverse user needs, yet their development requires substantial amounts of high-quality conversational data that is challenging and costly to obtain. While large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Zhefan Wang , Ning Geng , Zhiqiang Guo , Weizhi Ma , Min Zhang

In this proof-of-concept paper, we propose a specific kind of pedagogical use of ChatGPT - to help teachers practice their Socratic dialogue skills. We follow up on the previously published paper "ChatGPT and the frustrated Socrates" by…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-05-27 Bor Gregorcic , Giulia Polverini , Andreja Sarlah

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence has resulted in the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) with the capacity to produce text that closely resembles human communication. These models have been seamlessly integrated into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zenon Lamprou , Yashar Moshfeghi

We present SalesSim, a framework and testbed for evaluating the ability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to simulate realistic, persona-driven customer behavior in multi-turn, multi-modal, tool-augmented online retail…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yada Pruksachatkun , Elaine Wan , Lyanna Chen , Kai-Wei Chang , Chien-Sheng Wu

The tendency of users to anthropomorphise large language models (LLMs) is of growing interest to AI developers, researchers, and policy-makers. Here, we present a novel method for empirically evaluating anthropomorphic LLM behaviours in…

Cognitive biases often shape human decisions. While large language models (LLMs) have been shown to reproduce well-known biases, a more critical question is whether LLMs can predict biases at the individual level and emulate the dynamics of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Stephen Pilli , Vivek Nallur

Efforts have been made to make machines converse like humans in the past few decades. The recent techniques of Large Language Models (LLMs) make it possible to have human-like conversations with machines, but LLM's flaws of lacking…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Yankai Zeng

Large language models (LLMs) in the form of chatbots like ChatGPT and Llama are increasingly proposed as "silicon samples" for simulating human opinions. This study examines this notion, arguing that LLMs may misrepresent population-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Dai Li , Linzhuo Li , Huilian Sophie Qiu

The disruptive technology provided by large-scale pre-trained language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT or GPT-4 has received significant attention in several application domains, often with an emphasis on high-level opportunities and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Philippe J. Giabbanelli

Prior research shows that how students engage with Large Language Models (LLMs) influences their problem-solving and understanding, reinforcing the need to support productive LLM-uses that promote learning. This study evaluates the impact…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Jerome Brender , Laila El-Hamamsy , Kim Uittenhove , Francesco Mondada , Engin Bumbacher

Empathetic dialogue is an indispensable part of building harmonious social relationships and contributes to the development of a helpful AI. Previous approaches are mainly based on fine small-scale language models. With the advent of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Yushan Qian , Wei-Nan Zhang , Ting Liu

Job interviews play a critical role in shaping one's career, yet practicing interview skills can be challenging, especially without access to human coaches or peers for feedback. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) present…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Taufiq Daryanto , Xiaohan Ding , Lance T. Wilhelm , Sophia Stil , Kirk McInnis Knutsen , Eugenia H. Rho

Doctor-patient consultations require multi-turn, context-aware communication tailored to diverse patient personas. Training or evaluating doctor LLMs in such settings requires realistic patient interaction systems. However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Daeun Kyung , Hyunseung Chung , Seongsu Bae , Jiho Kim , Jae Ho Sohn , Taerim Kim , Soo Kyung Kim , Edward Choi

Patients must possess the knowledge necessary to actively participate in their care. We present NoteAid-Chatbot, a conversational AI that promotes patient understanding via a novel 'learning as conversation' framework, built on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Won Seok Jang , Hieu Tran , Manav Mistry , SaiKiran Gandluri , Yifan Zhang , Sharmin Sultana , Sunjae Kown , Yuan Zhang , Zonghai Yao , Hong Yu

Of the many commercial and scientific opportunities provided by large language models (LLMs; including Open AI's ChatGPT, Meta's LLaMA, and Anthropic's Claude), one of the more intriguing applications has been the simulation of human…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Gabriel Simmons , Christopher Hare

Large language model (LLM)-powered chatbots are increasingly used for opinion exploration. Prior research examined how LLMs alter user views, yet little work extended beyond one-way influence to address how user input can affect LLM…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yuyang Jiang , Longjie Guo , Yuchen Wu , Aylin Caliskan , Tanu Mitra , Hua Shen

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have provided a new avenue for chatbot development. Most existing research, however, has primarily centered on single-user chatbots that determine "What" to answer. This paper highlights…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Manqing Mao , Paishun Ting , Yijian Xiang , Mingyang Xu , Julia Chen , Jianzhe Lin

Most of the open-domain dialogue models tend to perform poorly in the setting of long-term human-bot conversations. The possible reason is that they lack the capability of understanding and memorizing long-term dialogue history information.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Xinchao Xu , Zhibin Gou , Wenquan Wu , Zheng-Yu Niu , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang , Shihang Wang