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Encoder-decoder transformer models have achieved great success on various vision-language (VL) tasks, but they suffer from high inference latency. Typically, the decoder takes up most of the latency because of the auto-regressive decoding.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Peng Tang , Pengkai Zhu , Tian Li , Srikar Appalaraju , Vijay Mahadevan , R. Manmatha

Early Exiting (EE) is a promising technique for speeding up inference by adaptively allocating compute resources to data points based on their difficulty. The approach enables predictions to exit at earlier layers for simpler samples while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Mehrnaz Mofakhami , Reza Bayat , Ioannis Mitliagkas , Joao Monteiro , Valentina Zantedeschi

Traditional mathematical models used in designing next-generation communication systems often fall short due to inherent simplifications, narrow scope, and computational limitations. In recent years, the incorporation of deep learning (DL)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-14 Omar Alnaseri , Laith Alzubaidi , Yassine Himeur , Mohammed Alaa Ala'anzy , Jens Timmermann , Mohammed S. M. Gismalla

Automatic modulation classification (AMC) is an essential technique for noncooperative spectrum monitoring and intelligent wireless receivers. However, practical AMC models must identify modulation formats from short and noisy I/Q…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-26 Ruixiang Zhang , Zinan Zhou , Yezhuo Zhang , Guangyu Li , Xuanpeng Li

This paper looks into the technology classification problem for a distributed wireless spectrum sensing network. First, a new data-driven model for Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) based on long short term memory (LSTM) is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-07-12 Sreeraj Rajendran , Wannes Meert , Domenico Giustiniano , Vincent Lenders , Sofie Pollin

Automatic modulation classification (AMC) has emerged as a key technique in cognitive radio networks in sixth-generation (6G) communications. AMC enables effective data transmission without requiring prior knowledge of modulation schemes.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-14 Zelin Ji , Shuo Wang , Kuojun Yang , Qinchuan Zhang , Peng Ye

Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) is critical for efficient spectrum management and robust wireless communications. However, AMC remains challenging due to the complex interplay of signal interference and noise. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Mohammad Rostami , Atik Faysal , Reihaneh Gh. Roshan , Huaxia Wang , Nikhil Muralidhar , Yu-Dong Yao

Automatic modulation recognition (AMR) is a promising technology for intelligent communication receivers to detect signal modulation schemes. Recently, the emerging deep learning (DL) research has facilitated high-performance DL-AMR…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-12 Fuxin Zhang , Chunbo Luo , Jialang Xu , Yang Luo

Well-trained deep neural networks (DNNs) treat all test samples equally during prediction. Adaptive DNN inference with early exiting leverages the observation that some test examples can be easier to predict than others. This paper presents…

Automatic modulation classification (AMC) is a basic technology in intelligent wireless communication systems. It is important for tasks such as spectrum monitoring, cognitive radio, and secure communications. In recent years, deep learning…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-04 Yunfei Liu , Mingxuan Liu , Wupeng Xie , Xinzhu Liu , Wenxue Liu , Yangang Sun , Xin Qiu , Cui Yuan , Jinhai Li

Today, artificial neural networks are the state of the art for solving a variety of complex tasks, especially in image classification. Such architectures consist of a sequence of stacked layers with the aim of extracting useful information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Simone Sarti , Eugenio Lomurno , Matteo Matteucci

Radar sensors offer power-efficient solutions for always-on smart devices, but processing the data streams on resource-constrained embedded platforms remains challenging. This paper presents novel techniques that leverage the temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Max Sponner , Julius Ott , Lorenzo Servadei , Bernd Waschneck , Robert Wille , Akash Kumar

As a simple technique to accelerate inference of large-scale pre-trained models, early exiting has gained much attention in the NLP community. It allows samples to exit early at internal classifiers without passing through the entire model.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Tianxiang Sun , Yunhua Zhou , Xiangyang Liu , Xinyu Zhang , Hao Jiang , Zhao Cao , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

In this paper, we propose Patience-based Early Exit, a straightforward yet effective inference method that can be used as a plug-and-play technique to simultaneously improve the efficiency and robustness of a pretrained language model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Wangchunshu Zhou , Canwen Xu , Tao Ge , Julian McAuley , Ke Xu , Furu Wei

In Large Language Model (LLM) inference, early-exit refers to stopping computation at an intermediate layer once the prediction is sufficiently confident, thereby reducing latency and cost. However, recent LLMs adopt improved pretraining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Rui Wei , Rui Du , Hanfei Yu , Devesh Tiwari , Jian Li , Zhaozhuo Xu , Hao Wang

We present an approach to adaptively utilize deep neural networks in order to reduce the evaluation time on new examples without loss of accuracy. Rather than attempting to redesign or approximate existing networks, we propose two schemes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Tolga Bolukbasi , Joseph Wang , Ofer Dekel , Venkatesh Saligrama

Deep neural networks have become larger over the years with increasing demand of computational resources for inference; incurring exacerbate costs and leaving little room for deployment on devices with limited battery and other resources…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Aaqib Saeed

Pre-training with self-supervised models, such as Hidden-unit BERT (HuBERT) and wav2vec 2.0, has brought significant improvements in automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, these models usually require an expensive computational cost…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Ji Won Yoon , Beom Jun Woo , Nam Soo Kim

Machine learning (ML) inference platforms are tasked with balancing two competing goals: ensuring high throughput given many requests, and delivering low-latency responses to support interactive applications. Unfortunately, existing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Yinwei Dai , Rui Pan , Anand Iyer , Kai Li , Ravi Netravali

By adding exiting layers to the deep learning networks, early exit can terminate the inference earlier with accurate results. The passive decision-making of whether to exit or continue the next layer has to go through every pre-placed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Xiangjie Li , Chenfei Lou , Zhengping Zhu , Yuchi Chen , Yingtao Shen , Yehan Ma , An Zou