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Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) is one of the most important tasks in visual reasoning that requires a model to detect the target object referred by a natural language expression. Among the proposed pipelines, the one-stage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Zhipeng Zhang , Zhimin Wei , Zhongzhen Huang , Rui Niu , Peng Wang

Reference expression comprehension (REC) aims to find the location that the phrase refer to in a given image. Proposal generation and proposal representation are two effective techniques in many two-stage REC methods. However, most of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Chao Yang , Guoqing Wang , Dongsheng Li , Huawei Shen , Su Feng , Bin Jiang

Traditionally, Referring Expression Generation (REG) models first decide on the form and then on the content of references to discourse entities in text, typically relying on features such as salience and grammatical function. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Thiago Castro Ferreira , Diego Moussallem , Ákos Kádár , Sander Wubben , Emiel Krahmer

Referring Expression Segmentation (RES) has attracted rising attention, aiming to identify and segment objects based on natural language expressions. While substantial progress has been made in RES, the emergence of Generalized Referring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Weize Li , Zhicheng Zhao , Haochen Bai , Fei Su

The objective of Classic Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) is to produce a bounding box corresponding to the object mentioned in a given textual description. Commonly, existing datasets and techniques in classic REC are tailored for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Shuting He , Henghui Ding , Chang Liu , Xudong Jiang

Referring Expression Generation (REG) is a core task for evaluating the pragmatic competence of vision-language systems, requiring not only accurate semantic grounding but also adherence to principles of cooperative communication (Grice,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Ziqiao Ma , Jing Ding , Xuejun Zhang , Dezhi Luo , Jiahe Ding , Sihan Xu , Yuchen Huang , Run Peng , Joyce Chai

Weakly supervised Referring Expression Grounding (REG) aims to ground a particular target in an image described by a language expression while lacking the correspondence between target and expression. Two main problems exist in weakly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Xuejing Liu , Liang Li , Shuhui Wang , Zheng-Jun Zha , Zechao Li , Qi Tian , Qingming Huang

Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) is a crucial cross-modal task that objectively evaluates the capabilities of language understanding, image comprehension, and language-to-image grounding. Consequently, it serves as an ideal testing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Junzhuo Liu , Xuzheng Yang , Weiwei Li , Peng Wang

Referring to objects in a natural and unambiguous manner is crucial for effective human-robot interaction. Previous research on learning-based referring expressions has focused primarily on comprehension tasks, while generating referring…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Fethiye Irmak Doğan , Sinan Kalkan , Iolanda Leite

To engage in human-like dialogue, robots require the ability to describe the objects, locations, and people in their environment, a capability known as "Referring Expression Generation." As speakers repeatedly refer to similar objects, they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Tom Williams , Torin Johnson , Will Culpepper , Kellyn Larson

Retrieving user-specified objects from complex scenes remains a challenging task, especially when queries are ambiguous or involve multiple similar objects. Existing open-vocabulary detectors operate in a one-shot manner, lacking the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Pourya Shamsolmoali , Masoumeh Zareapoor , Eric Granger , Yue Lu

Referring expression counting (REC) is an intention-driven task that requires context-aware visual reasoning. While recent vision-language models incorporate language for visual understanding, most existing REC methods rely on rulebased…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hui Liu , Yunlai Teng , Kunlong Bai , Pengfei Qi , Haotian Yan , Liang Li , Junlan Feng

Referring expressions are natural language descriptions that identify a particular object within a scene and are widely used in our daily conversations. In this work, we focus on segmenting the object in an image specified by a referring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-11 Yi-Wen Chen , Yi-Hsuan Tsai , Tiantian Wang , Yen-Yu Lin , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Referring expression comprehension (REC) aims to localize a text-related region in a given image by a referring expression in natural language. Existing methods focus on how to build convincing visual and language representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Shuai Wang , Fan Lyu , Wei Feng , Song Wang

Referring expressions are natural language constructions used to identify particular objects within a scene. In this paper, we propose a unified framework for the tasks of referring expression comprehension and generation. Our model is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-19 Licheng Yu , Hao Tan , Mohit Bansal , Tamara L. Berg

A referring expression (RE) is a description that identifies a set of instances unambiguously. Mining REs from data finds applications in natural language generation, algorithmic journalism, and data maintenance. Since there may exist…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Luis Galárraga , Julien Delaunay , Jean-Louis Dessalles

Referring expression generation (REG) algorithms offer computational models of the production of referring expressions. In earlier work, a corpus of referring expressions (REs) in Mandarin was introduced. In the present paper, we annotate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Guanyi Chen , Kees van Deemter

REPA and its variants effectively mitigate training challenges in diffusion models by incorporating external visual representations from pretrained models, through alignment between the noisy hidden projections of denoising networks and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ge Wu , Shen Zhang , Ruijing Shi , Shanghua Gao , Zhenyuan Chen , Lei Wang , Zhaowei Chen , Hongcheng Gao , Yao Tang , Jian Yang , Ming-Ming Cheng , Xiang Li

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) for language models significantly improves language understanding systems. The basic retrieval-then-read pipeline of response generation has evolved into a more extended process due to the integration of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yunxiao Shi , Xing Zi , Zijing Shi , Haimin Zhang , Qiang Wu , Min Xu

Humans frequently use referring (identifying) expressions to refer to objects. Especially in ambiguous settings, humans prefer expressions (called relational referring expressions) that describe an object with respect to a distinguishing,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Hazan Anayurt , Sezai Artun Ozyegin , Ulfet Cetin , Utku Aktas , Sinan Kalkan