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Related papers: The Geometry of Constant Function Market Makers

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We investigate the most common type of blockchain-based decentralized exchange, which are known as constant function market makers (CFMMs). We examine the the market microstructure around CFMMs and present a model for valuing the liquidity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Richard Dewey , Craig Newbold

Constant Function Market Makers (CFMMs) are a tool for creating exchange markets, have been deployed effectively in prediction markets, and are now especially prominent in the Decentralized Finance ecosystem. We show that for any set of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Mohak Goyal , Geoffrey Ramseyer , Ashish Goel , David Mazières

Constant function market makers (CFMMs) such as Uniswap, Balancer, Curve, and mStable, among many others, make up some of the largest decentralized exchanges on Ethereum and other blockchains. Because all transactions are public in current…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Guillermo Angeris , Alex Evans , Tarun Chitra

We present a method for constructing Constant Function Market Makers (CFMMs) whose portfolio value functions match a desired payoff. More specifically, we show that the space of concave, nonnegative, nondecreasing, 1-homogeneous payoff…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-03-30 Guillermo Angeris , Alex Evans , Tarun Chitra

The rise of Ethereum and other blockchains that support smart contracts has led to the creation of decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as Uniswap, Balancer, Curve, mStable, and SushiSwap, which enable agents to trade cryptocurrencies…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-28 Guillermo Angeris , Akshay Agrawal , Alex Evans , Tarun Chitra , Stephen Boyd

We study axiomatic foundations for different classes of constant-function automated market makers (CFMMs). We focus particularly on separability and on different invariance properties under scaling. Our main results are an axiomatic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Jan Christoph Schlegel , Mateusz Kwaśnicki , Akaki Mamageishvili

Automated market makers (AMM) have grown to obtain significant market share within the cryptocurrency ecosystem, resulting in a proliferation of new products pursuing exotic strategies for horizontal differentiation. Yet, their theoretical…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-05-07 Johannes Rude Jensen , Mohsen Pourpouneh , Kurt Nielsen , Omri Ross

Constant Function Market Makers (CFMMs) are a family of automated market makers that enable censorship-resistant decentralized exchange on public blockchains. Arbitrage trades have been shown to align the prices reported by CFMMs with those…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-04-02 Alex Evans , Guillermo Angeris , Tarun Chitra

Automated market makers (AMMs) are one of the most prominent decentralized finance (DeFi) applications. AMMs allow users to trade different types of crypto-tokens, without the need to find a counter-party. There are several implementations…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Massimo Bartoletti , James Hsin-yu Chiang , Alberto Lluch-Lafuente

This work focuses on the mathematical study of constant function market makers. We rigorously establish the conditions for optimal trading under the assumption of a quasilinear, but not necessarily convex (or concave), trade function. This…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-14 C. Escudero , F. Lara , M. Sama

Batch auctions are a classical market microstructure, acclaimed for their fairness properties, and have received renewed interest in the context of blockchain-based financial systems. Constant function market makers (CFMMs) are another…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Geoffrey Ramseyer , Mohak Goyal , Ashish Goel , David Mazières

In the Decentralized Finance (DeFi) setting, we present a new parametrized family of Constant Function Market Makers (CFMMs) which we call the Generalized Mean Market Makers (G3Ms), based on the generalized means. The G3Ms are intermediate…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2022-08-16 Daniel Z. Zanger

We consider the problem of optimally executing an order involving multiple crypto-assets, sometimes called tokens, on a network of multiple constant function market makers (CFMMs). When we ignore the fixed cost associated with executing an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-12 Guillermo Angeris , Tarun Chitra , Alex Evans , Stephen Boyd

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are an integral component of the decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem, as they allow users to exchange crypto-assets without the need for trusted authorities or external price oracles. Although these…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Daniele Pusceddu , Massimo Bartoletti

This paper develops a robust mathematical framework for Constant Function Market Makers (CFMMs) by transitioning from traditional token reserve analyses to a coordinate system defined by price and intrinsic liquidity. We establish a…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-03 Jimmy Risk , Shen-Ning Tung , Tai-Ho Wang

Automated market makers (AMMs) are a new prototype of decentralised exchanges which are revolutionising market interactions. The majority of AMMs are constant product markets (CPMs) where exchange rates are set by a trading function. This…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-06-19 Álvaro Cartea , Fayçal Drissi , Marcello Monga

Constant-function market makers (CFMMs), such as Uniswap, are automated exchanges offering trades among a set of assets. We study their technical relationship to another class of automated market makers, cost-function prediction markets. We…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Rafael Frongillo , Maneesha Papireddygari , Bo Waggoner

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are a central component of decentralized exchanges, yet their equilibrium foundations and microeconomic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This paper develops a dynamic equilibrium framework for…

General Economics · Economics 2026-03-10 Chengqi Zang , Zhenghui Wang , Weitong Zhang

Constant function market makers (CFMMs) such as Uniswap have facilitated trillions of dollars of digital asset trades and have billions of dollars of liquidity. One natural question is how to optimally route trades across a network of CFMMs…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-13 Theo Diamandis , Max Resnick , Tarun Chitra , Guillermo Angeris

Automated market makers, first popularized by Hanson's logarithmic market scoring rule (or LMSR) for prediction markets, have become important building blocks, called 'primitives,' for decentralized finance. A particularly useful primitive…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-01-13 Guillermo Angeris , Tarun Chitra
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