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Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been proved powerful in graph-oriented tasks. However, many real-world graphs are heterophilous, challenging the homophily assumption of classical GNNs. To solve the universality problem, many studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Shengbo Gong , Jiajun Zhou , Chenxuan Xie , Qi Xuan

Clustering is indispensable for data analysis in many scientific disciplines. Detecting clusters from heavy noise remains challenging, particularly for high-dimensional sparse data. Based on graph-theoretic framework, the present paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-07-08 Deli Zhao , Xiaoou Tang

Recent studies on Graph Neural Networks(GNNs) provide both empirical and theoretical evidence supporting their effectiveness in capturing structural patterns on both homophilic and certain heterophilic graphs. Notably, most real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Haitao Mao , Zhikai Chen , Wei Jin , Haoyu Han , Yao Ma , Tong Zhao , Neil Shah , Jiliang Tang

This paper presents HGEN that pioneers ensemble learning for heterogeneous graphs. We argue that the heterogeneity in node types, nodal features, and local neighborhood topology poses significant challenges for ensemble learning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Jiajun Shen , Yufei Jin , Yi He , Xingquan Zhu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown promising results across various graph learning tasks, but they often assume homophily, which can result in poor performance on heterophilic graphs. The connected nodes are likely to be from different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Kai Zhao , Qiyu Kang , Yang Song , Rui She , Sijie Wang , Wee Peng Tay

Graph clustering is essential in graph analysis for revealing structural patterns and node communities. Despite recent advances in self-supervised contrastive learning that have improved clustering via structural and attribute signals,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Lei Zhang , Fubo Sun , Haipeng Yang , Zhong Guan , Likang Wu

Graphs are ubiquitous for modeling complex relationships between objects across various fields. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have become a mainstream technique for graph-based applications, but their performance heavily relies on abundant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Xingtong Yu , Jie Zhang , Yuan Fang , Renhe Jiang

Many widely used datasets for graph machine learning tasks have generally been homophilous, where nodes with similar labels connect to each other. Recently, new Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been developed that move beyond the homophily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Derek Lim , Felix Hohne , Xiuyu Li , Sijia Linda Huang , Vaishnavi Gupta , Omkar Bhalerao , Ser-Nam Lim

Many recent works have studied the performance of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in the context of graph homophily - a label-dependent measure of connectivity. Traditional GNNs generate node embeddings by aggregating information from a node's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Hesham Mostafa , Marcel Nassar , Somdeb Majumdar

Graph neural networks (GNNs) often struggle to learn discriminative node representations for heterophilic graphs, where connected nodes tend to have dissimilar labels and feature similarity provides weak structural cues. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Ayushman Raghuvanshi , Gonzalo Mateos , Sundeep Prabhakar Chepuri

Heterophilic Graph Neural Networks (HGNNs) have shown promising results for semi-supervised learning tasks on graphs. Notably, most real-world heterophilic graphs are composed of a mixture of nodes with different neighbor patterns,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Jinluan Yang , Zhengyu Chen , Teng Xiao , Wenqiao Zhang , Yong Lin , Kun Kuang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely used in deep learning on graphs. They can learn effective node representations that achieve superior performances in graph analysis tasks such as node classification and node clustering.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Jianxin Li , Hao Peng , Yuwei Cao , Yingtong Dou , Hekai Zhang , Philip S. Yu , Lifang He

In recent years, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been popular in graph representation learning which assumes the homophily property, i.e., the connected nodes have the same label or have similar features. However, they may fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Lanning Wei , Zhiqiang He , Huan Zhao , Quanming Yao

Self-supervised heterogeneous graph learning (SHGL) has shown promising potential in diverse scenarios. However, while existing SHGL methods share a similar essential with clustering approaches, they encounter two significant limitations:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Yujie Mo , Zhihe Lu , Runpeng Yu , Xiaofeng Zhu , Xinchao Wang

Graphs with heterophily, where adjacent nodes carry different labels, are prevalent in real-world applications, from social networks to molecular interactions. However, existing spectral Graph Neural Network (GNN) approaches tailored for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Md Sazzad Hossen , Avimanyu Sahoo

Unsupervised graph representation learning aims to distill various graph information into a downstream task-agnostic dense vector embedding. However, existing graph representation learning approaches are designed mainly under the node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-04 You Li , Bei Lin , Binli Luo , Ning Gui

Graph neural networks (GNNs) hold the promise of learning efficient representations of graph-structured data, and one of its most important applications is semi-supervised node classification. However, in this application, GNN frameworks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Jiaqi Sun , Lin Zhang , Shenglin Zhao , Yujiu Yang

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have been widely applied in various fields due to their significant power on processing graph-structured data. Typical GCN and its variants work under a homophily assumption (i.e., nodes with same class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Tao Wang , Rui Wang , Di Jin , Dongxiao He , Yuxiao Huang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become pivotal tools for a range of graph-based learning tasks. Notably, most current GNN architectures operate under the assumption of homophily, whether explicitly or implicitly. While this underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Kun Wang , Guibin Zhang , Xinnan Zhang , Junfeng Fang , Xun Wu , Guohao Li , Shirui Pan , Wei Huang , Yuxuan Liang

Graph fraud detection (GFD) has rapidly advanced in protecting online services by identifying malicious fraudsters. Recent supervised GFD research highlights that heterophilic connections between fraudsters and users can greatly impact…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Junjun Pan , Yixin Liu , Xin Zheng , Yizhen Zheng , Alan Wee-Chung Liew , Fuyi Li , Shirui Pan