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Artificial intelligence (AI) comes with great opportunities but can also pose significant risks. Automatically generated explanations for decisions can increase transparency and foster trust, especially for systems based on automated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Johannes Schneider , Christian Meske , Michalis Vlachos

Large Language Model (LLM) safeguards, which implement request refusals, have become a widely adopted mitigation strategy against misuse. At the intersection of adversarial machine learning and AI safety, safeguard red teaming has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zifan Wang , Christina Q. Knight , Jeremy Kritz , Willow E. Primack , Julian Michael

The application of Machine Learning techniques in code generation is now a common practice for most developers. Tools such as ChatGPT from OpenAI leverage the natural language processing capabilities of Large Language Models to generate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ricardo Bessa , Rui Claro , João Trindade , João Lourenço

Since the emergence of generative AI, creative workers have spoken up about the career-based harms they have experienced arising from this new technology. A common theme in these accounts of harm is that generative AI models are trained on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Lin Kyi , Amruta Mahuli , M. Six Silberman , Reuben Binns , Jun Zhao , Asia J. Biega

Generative AI is rapidly transforming medical imaging and text analysis, offering immense potential for enhanced diagnosis and personalized care. However, this transformative technology raises crucial ethical, societal, and legal questions.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Onyekachukwu R. Okonji , Kamol Yunusov , Bonnie Gordon

Generative AI (e.g., Generative Adversarial Networks - GANs) has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, Generative AI introduces significant concerns regarding the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) (resp. model…

Generative AI is radically changing the creative arts, by fundamentally transforming the way we create and interact with cultural artefacts. While offering unprecedented opportunities for artistic expression and commercialisation, this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Jacopo de Berardinis , Lorenzo Porcaro , Albert Meroño-Peñuela , Angelo Cangelosi , Tess Buckley

Recently, a lot of attention has been given to undesired consequences of Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as unfair bias leading to discrimination, or the lack of explanations of the results of AI systems. There are several important…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-12-23 Richard Benjamins , Alberto Barbado , Daniel Sierra

We introduce RedDebate, a novel multi-agent debate framework that provides the foundation for Large Language Models (LLMs) to identify and mitigate their unsafe behaviours. Existing AI safety approaches often rely on costly human evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Ali Asad , Stephen Obadinma , Radin Shayanfar , Xiaodan Zhu

A recent issue of a popular computing journal asked which laws would apply if a self-driving car killed a pedestrian. This paper considers the question of legal liability for artificially intelligent computer systems. It discusses whether…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-23 John Kingston

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance across a variety of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and natural language processing tasks, such as content creation, report generation, etc. However, unregulated malign application…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Harika Abburi , Michael Suesserman , Nirmala Pudota , Balaji Veeramani , Edward Bowen , Sanmitra Bhattacharya

Artificial intelligence can cause inconvenience, harm, or other unintended consequences in various ways, including those that arise from defects or malfunctions in the AI system itself or those caused by its use or misuse. Responsibility…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Sundaraparipurnan Narayanan , Mark Potkewitz

AI-based code generators have gained a fundamental role in assisting developers in writing software starting from natural language (NL). However, since these large language models are trained on massive volumes of data collected from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Cristina Improta

This article argues that the deployment of generative AI systems in legal profession requires strong restraint due to the critical risks of hallucination and overreliance. Central to this analysis is the definition of Generative Legal AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Gizem Gültekin Varkonyi

Generative AI has made significant strides, yet concerns about the accuracy and reliability of its outputs continue to grow. Such inaccuracies can have serious consequences such as inaccurate decision-making, the spread of false…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Nan Tang , Chenyu Yang , Ju Fan , Lei Cao , Yuyu Luo , Alon Halevy

Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) proposes a framework that holds all stakeholders involved in the development of AI to be responsible for their systems. It, however, fails to accommodate the possibility of holding AI responsible per…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Gabriel Lima , Meeyoung Cha

Recent advances in the capacity of large language models to generate human-like text have resulted in their increased adoption in user-facing settings. In parallel, these improvements have prompted a heated discourse around the risks of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Sachin Kumar , Vidhisha Balachandran , Lucille Njoo , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Yulia Tsvetkov

Despite the substantial advancements in artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) remain being challenged by generation safety. With adversarial jailbreaking prompts, one can effortlessly induce LLMs to output harmful content,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yuhao Du , Zhuo Li , Pengyu Cheng , Xiang Wan , Anningzhe Gao

The advent of Generative AI, particularly through Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and its successors, marks a paradigm shift in the AI landscape. Advanced LLMs exhibit multimodality, handling diverse data formats, thereby…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Claudio Novelli , Federico Casolari , Philipp Hacker , Giorgio Spedicato , Luciano Floridi

As artificial intelligence systems grow more capable and autonomous, frontier AI development poses potential systemic risks that could affect society at a massive scale. Current practices at many AI labs developing these systems lack…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Aidan Kierans , Kaley Rittichier , Utku Sonsayar , Avijit Ghosh