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In this work, we introduce a novel strategy for tackling constrained optimization problems through a modified penalty method. Conventional penalty methods convert constrained problems into unconstrained ones by incorporating constraints…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-05 Shilin Ma , Yukun Yue

Autonomous reaction network exploration algorithms offer a systematic approach to explore mechanisms of complex chemical processes. However, the resulting reaction networks are so vast that an exploration of all potentially accessible…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-06-12 Miguel Steiner , Markus Reiher

Quantum annealing is getting increasing attention in combinatorial optimization. The quantum processing unit by D-Wave is constructed to approximately solve Ising models on so-called Chimera graphs. Ising models are equivalent to quadratic…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Michael Juenger , Elisabeth Lobe , Petra Mutzel , Gerhard Reinelt , Franz Rendl , Giovanni Rinaldi , Tobias Stollenwerk

In this paper, we report new results on a novel Ising machine technology for solving combinatorial optimization problems using networks of coupled self-sustaining oscillators. Specifically, we present several working hardware prototypes…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-04-24 Tianshi Wang , Leon Wu , Jaijeet Roychowdhury

Finding the ground state of the Ising spin-glass is an important and challenging problem (NP-hard, in fact) in condensed matter physics. However, its applications spread far beyond physic due to its deep relation to various combinatorial…

The design of a good algorithm to solve NP-hard combinatorial approximation problems requires specific domain knowledge about the problems and often needs a trial-and-error problem solving approach. Graph coloring is one of the essential…

Optimizing paths on networks is crucial for many applications, from subway traffic to Internet communication. As global path optimization that takes account of all path-choices simultaneously is computationally hard, most existing routing…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-09-05 Chi Ho Yeung , David Saad , K. Y. Michael Wong

Quantum annealing devices have been subject to various analyses in order to classify their usefulness for practical applications. While it has been successfully proven that such systems can in general be used for solving combinatorial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-18 Michael Streif , Florian Neukart , Martin Leib

Analog Ising machines (IMs) occupy an increasingly prominent area of computer architecture research, offering high-quality and low latency/energy solutions to intractable computing tasks. However, IMs have a fixed capacity, with little to…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Matthew X. Burns , Michael C. Huang

Sampling Boltzmann probability distributions plays a key role in machine learning and optimization, motivating the design of hardware accelerators such as Ising machines. While the Ising model can in principle encode arbitrary optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Corentin Delacour , M Mahmudul Hasan Sajeeb , Joao P. Hespanha , Kerem Y. Camsari

Inventory Routing Problem (IRP) is a crucial challenge in supply chain management as it involves optimizing efficient route selection while considering the uncertainty of inventory demand planning. To solve IRPs, usually a two-stage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-02 MD Shafikul Islam , Azmine Toushik Wasi

Finding optimal reaction coordinates and predicting accurate kinetic rates for activated processes are two of the foremost challenges of molecular simulations. We introduce an algorithm that tackles the two problems at once: starting from a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-10-30 Line Mouaffac , Karen Palacio-Rodriguez , Fabio Pietrucci

While the Ising model remains essential to understand physical phenomena, its natural connection to combinatorial reasoning makes it also one of the best models to probe complex systems in science and engineering. We bring a computational…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-12-27 Shaan A. Nagy , Roger Paredes , Jeffrey M. Dudek , Leonardo Dueñas-Osorio , Moshe Y. Vardi

Discrete combinatorial optimization consists in finding the optimal configuration that minimizes a given discrete objective function. An interpretation of such a function as the energy of a classical system allows us to reduce the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-22 Sergio Boixo , Gerardo Ortiz , Rolando Somma

Studying chemical reactions, particularly in the gas phase, relies heavily on computing scattering matrix elements. These elements are essential for characterizing molecular reactions and accurately determining reaction probabilities.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-24 Sumit Suresh Kale , Sabre Kais

Physics-inspired computing paradigms, such as Ising machines, are emerging as promising hardware alternatives to traditional von Neumann architectures for tackling computationally intensive combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). While…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Sai Li , Yihao Zhang , Albert Lee , Zheng Zhu , Lang Zeng , Peng Wang , Lei Gao , Di Wu , Weisheng Zhao

Mapping the chemical reaction pathways and their corresponding activation barriers is a significant challenge in molecular simulation. Given the inherent complexities of 3D atomic geometries, even generating an initial guess of these paths…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Akihide Hayashi , So Takamoto , Ju Li , Yuta Tsuboi , Daisuke Okanohara

To tackle combinatorial optimization problems using an Ising machine, the objective function and constraints must be mapped onto a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) model. While QUBO involves binary variables, combinatorial…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-01-22 Shuta Kikuchi , Kotaro Takahashi , Shu Tanaka

Various combinatorial optimization NP-hard problems can be reduced to finding the minimizer of an Ising model, which is a discrete mathematical model. It is an intellectual challenge to develop some mathematical tools or algorithms for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-01 Bowen Liu , Kaizhi Wang , Dongmei Xiao , Zhan Yu

Optimal operation of chemical processes is vital for energy, resource, and cost savings in chemical engineering. The problem of optimal operation can be tackled with reinforcement learning, but traditional reinforcement learning methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Dean Brandner , Sergio Lucia