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The increasing use of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) in DevOps leads to benefits in speed and reliability of deployment operation, but extends to infrastructure challenges typical of software systems. IaC scripts can contain defects that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Michele Chiari , Michele De Pascalis , Matteo Pradella

Infrastructure as code (IaC) scripts are used to automate the maintenance and configuration of software development and deployment infrastructure. IaC scripts can be complex in nature, containing hundreds of lines of code, leading to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Akond Rahman , Sarah Elder , Faysal Hossain Shezan , Vanessa Frost , Jonathan Stallings , Laurie Williams

Infrastructure-as-code (IaC) is a practice to implement continuous deployment by allowing management and provisioning of infrastructure through the definition of machine-readable files and automation around them, rather than physical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Stefano Dalla Palma , Dario Di Nucci , Fabio Palomba , Damian A. Tamburri

Context:Infrastructure as code (IaC) is the practice to automatically configure system dependencies and to provision local and remote instances. Practitioners consider IaC as a fundamental pillar to implement DevOps practices, which helps…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Akond Rahman , Rezvan Mahdavi-Hezaveh , Laurie Williams

Context: The 'as code' suffix in infrastructure as code (IaC) refers to applying software engineering activities, such as version control, to maintain IaC scripts. Without the application of these activities, defects that can have serious…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Akond Rahman , Effat Farhana , Laurie Williams

In open-source projects, anyone can contribute, so it is important to have an active continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipeline in addition to a protocol for reporting security concerns, especially in projects that are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Jessy Ayala , Joshua Garcia

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) has become integral to modern software development, enabling automated and consistent configuration of computing environments. The rapid proliferation of IaC scripts has highlighted the need for better code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Pandu Ranga Reddy Konala , Vimal Kumar , David Bainbridge , Junaid Haseeb

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) has become essential for modern software management, yet security flaws in IaC scripts can have severe consequences, as exemplified by the recurring exploits of Cloud Web Services. Prior work has recognized the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Aicha War , Serge L. B. Nikiema , Jordan Samhi , Jacques Klein , Tegawende F. Bissyande

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) has enabled cloud customers to have more agility in creating and modifying complex deployments of cloud-provisioned resources. By writing a configuration in IaC languages such as CloudFormation, users can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Feitong Qiao , Aryana Mohammadi , Jürgen Cito , Mark Santolucito

Making successful use of cloud computing requires nuanced approaches to both system design and deployment methodology, involving reasoning about the elasticity, cost, and security models of cloud services. Building cloud-native applications…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Aditya Saligrama , Cody Ho , Benjamin Tripp , Michael Abbott , Christos Kozyrakis

Context: In continuous deployment, software and services are rapidly deployed to end-users using an automated deployment pipeline. Defects in infrastructure as code (IaC) scripts can hinder the reliability of the automated deployment…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Akond Rahman , Laurie Williams

The cloud computing model is rapidly transforming the IT landscape. Cloud computing is a new computing paradigm that delivers computing resources as a set of reliable and scalable internet-based services allowing customers to remotely run…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-12-30 Amani S. Ibrahim , James Hamlyn-Harris , John Grundy

Cloud computing is considered as the one of the most dominant paradigm in field of information technology which offers on demand cost effective services such as Software as a service (SAAS), Infrastructure as a service (IAAS) and Platform…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-17 N. N. Thilakarathne , Dilani Wickramaaarachchi

To optimally deploy their applications, users of Infrastructure-as-a-Service clouds are required to evaluate the costs and performance of different combinations of cloud configurations to find out which combination provides the best service…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-08-21 Joel Scheuner , Philipp Leitner , Jurgen Cito , Harald Gall

Practitioners use Infrastructure as Code (IaC) scripts to efficiently configure IT infrastructures through machine-readable definition files. However, during the development of these scripts, some code patterns or deployment choices may…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Seif Kosbar , Mohammad Hamdaqa

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools have transformed the way IT infrastructure is automated and managed, but their growing adoption has also exposed numerous challenges for practitioners. In this paper, we investigate these challenges…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Carolina Carreira , Nuno Saavedra , Alexandra Mendes , João F. Ferreira

The continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines are widely adopted on Internet hosting platforms, such as GitHub. With the popularity, the CI/CD pipeline faces various security threats. However, current CI/CD…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Ziyue Pan , Wenbo Shen , Xingkai Wang , Yutian Yang , Rui Chang , Yao Liu , Chengwei Liu , Yang Liu , Kui Ren

\textbf{Context:} Policy-as-Code (PaC) has become a foundational approach for embedding governance, compliance, and security requirements directly into software systems. While organizations increasingly adopt PaC tools, the software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Patrick Loic Foalem , Foutse Khomh , Leuson Da Silva , Ettore Merlo

Context: The popularity of cloud computing as the primary platform for developing, deploying, and delivering software is largely driven by the promise of cost savings. Therefore, it is surprising that no empirical evidence has been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Daniel Feitosa , Matei-Tudor Penca , Massimiliano Berardi , Rares-Dorian Boza , Vasilios Andrikopoulos

GitHub is one of the most widely used public code development platform. However, the code hosted publicly on the platform is vulnerable to commit spoofing that allows an adversary to introduce malicious code or commits into the repository…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Anupam Sharma , Sreyashi Karmakar , Gayatri Priyadarsini Kancherla , Abhishek Bichhawat
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