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Lithium-ion battery packs are usually composed of hundreds of cells arranged in series and parallel connections. The proper functioning of these complex devices requires suitable Battery Management Systems (BMSs). Advanced BMSs rely on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-30 Andrea Pozzi , Marcello Torchio , Richard D. Braatz , Davide M. Raimondo

Our study introduces a Generative AI method that employs a cooling-guided diffusion model to optimize the layout of battery cells, a crucial step for enhancing the cooling performance and efficiency of battery thermal management systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Nicholas Sung , Liu Zheng , Pingfeng Wang , Faez Ahmed

A persistent challenge with the development of electric vertical take-off and landing vehicles (eVTOL) to meet flight power and energy demands is the mass of the load and thermal management systems for batteries. One possible strategy to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-01 Alexandre T. R. Guibert , Murtaza Bookwala , Ashley Cronk , Y. Shirley Meng , H. Alicia Kim

Among the auxiliary loads in light-duty vehicles, the air conditioning system is the single largest energy consumer. For electrified vehicles, the impact of heating and cooling loads becomes even more significant, as they compete with the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-20 Dennis Kibalama , Yuxing Liu , Stephanie Stockar , Marcello Canova

District heating systems (DHSs) require coordinated economic dispatch and temperature regulation under uncertain operating conditions. Existing DHS operation strategies often rely on disturbance forecasts and nominal models, so their…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Xinyi Yi , Ioannis Lestas

In autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs), battery energy must be judiciously allocated to satisfy primary propulsion demands and secondary auxiliary demands, particularly the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. This…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-15 Shanthan Kumar Padisala , Satadru Dey

Optimal power management of battery energy storage systems (BESS) is crucial for their safe and efficient operation. Numerical optimization techniques are frequently utilized to solve the optimal power management problems. However, these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Amir Farakhor , Iman Askari , Di Wu , Huazhen Fang

Thermal energy storage (TES) systems coupled with heat pumps offer significant potential for improving building energy efficiency by shifting electricity demand to off-peak hours. However, conventional operating strategies maintain…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-19 Ju-Hong Oh , Seon-In Kim , Eui-Jong Kim

With the popularity of electric vehicles, the demand for lithium-ion batteries is increasing. Temperature significantly influences the performance and safety of batteries. Battery thermal management systems can effectively control the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Zheng Liu , Yuan Jiang , Yumeng Li , Pingfeng Wang

When providing frequency regulation in a pay-for-performance market, batteries need to carefully balance the trade-off between following regulation signals and their degradation costs in real-time. Existing battery control strategies either…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-03-24 Bolun Xu , Yuanyuan Shi , Daniel S. Kirschen , Baosen Zhang

Future vehicles are expected to be able to exploit increasingly the connected driving environment for efficient, comfortable, and safe driving. Given relatively slow dynamics associated with the state of charge and temperature response in…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Mohammad Reza Amini , Jing Sun , Ilya Kolmanovsky

This paper presents an energy and thermal management system for electric race cars, where we tune a lift-off-throttle signal for the driver in real-time to respect energy budgets and thermal constraints. First, we compute the globally…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-05 Erik van den Eshof , Jorn van Kampen , Mauro Salazar

With the rapid growth in renewable energy and battery storage technologies, there exists significant opportunity to improve energy efficiency and reduce costs through optimization. However, optimization algorithms must take into account the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-02-19 Chaitanya Poolla , Abraham K. Ishihara , Rodolfo Milito

As the automotive industry moves towards vehicle electrification, designing and optimizing thermal management systems (TMSs) for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) has become a critical focus in recent years. The dependence of battery…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-01 Reihaneh Jahedan , Satya Peddada , Mark Jennings , Sunil Katragadda , James Allison , Nenad Miljkovic

This paper presents a mixed-integer, nonlinear, multi-objective optimization strategy for optimal power allocation among parallel strings in Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). High-fidelity control is achieved by co-simulating the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Vivek Teja Tanjavooru , Prashant Pant , Thomas Hamacher , Holger Hesse

Effective thermal management is critical for lithium-ion battery packs' safe and efficient operations, particularly in applications such as drones, where compact designs and varying airflow conditions present unique challenges. This study…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-12 Xuguang Zhang , Hexiang Zhang , Amjad Almansour , Mrityunjay Singh , Hengling Zhu , Michael C. Halbig , Yi Zheng

This paper proposes a detailed optimal scheduling model of an exemplar multi-energy system comprising combined cycle power plants (CCPPs), battery energy storage systems, renewable energy sources, boilers, thermal energy storage…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Ashok Krishnan , Bhagyesh V. Patil , Foo Y. S. Eddy

In the current context of high integration of renewable energies, maximizing infrastructures capabilities for electricity transmission is a general need for Transmission System Operators (TSO). The French TSO, RTE, is developing levers to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-12-10 Clémentine Straub , Sorin Olaru , Jean Maeght , Patrick Panciatici

In this paper, we propose an MPC-based precision cooling strategy (PCS) for energy efficient thermal management of automotive air conditioning (A/C) system. The proposed PCS is able to provide precise tracking of the time-varying cooling…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-23 Hao Wang , Yan Meng , Quansheng Zhang , Mohammad Reza Amini , Ilya V. Kolmanovsky , Jing Sun , Mark Jennings

This paper presents a modeling and optimization framework to minimize the energy consumption of a fully electric powertrain by optimizing its design and control strategies whilst explicitly accounting for the thermal behavior of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-13 Mouleeswar Konda , Theo Hofman , Mauro Salazar