Related papers: A pedestrian approach to Einstein's formula $E=mc^…
A review. Problems: 1-Many empirical parameters and large dimension number; 2-Gravitation and Electrodynamics are challenged by dark matter and energy. Energy and nonlinear electrodynamics are fundamental in a unified nonlinear interaction.…
We give a modified derivation of the Einstein equation of state by considering the Clausius relation $T\delta S-\delta N =\delta Q$ on a null hypersurface with a non-vanishing expansion ($\theta \neq 0$), i.e. not in the equilibrium. The…
The properties of light in the presence of electromagnetic and gravitational fields are compared. Once one takes account of the fact that clock rates vary with distance from a massive object, it is argued that in an absolute sense light…
This paper presents a general formulation of equations of motion of a pendulum with n point mass by use of two different methods. The first one is obtained by using Lagrange Mechanics and mathematical induction(inspection), and the second…
This paper considers a main particle and an incident particle classical mechanics elastic collision preserving energy and momentum while ignoring the angular momentum, spin or other particle characteristics. The main result of the paper…
Suggested modification of the Einstein-Maxwell system, such that Maxwell equations become non-gauge and nonlinear. The theory is based on assumption that observable (i.e., felt by particles) metric is $ {\tilde{g}}_{ab} = g_{ab} -…
Two definitions of the effective mass of a particle interacting with a quantum field, such as a polaron, are considered and shown to be equal in models similar to the Froehlich polaron model. These are: 1. the mass defined by the low…
If the presence of a gravitational field breaks the Lorentz symmetry valid for special relativity, an "absolute motion" might be detectable. We summarize a scalar theory of gravity with a such "ether", which starts from a tentative…
We consider diatomic systems in which the kinetic energy of the electrons is treated in a simple relativistic model. The Born-Oppenheimer approximation is assumed. We investigate questions of stability, deducing bounds on the number $N$ of…
A formulation of Einstein equations is presented that could yield advantages in the study of collisions of binary compact objects during regimes between linear-nonlinear transitions. The key idea behind this formulation is a separation of…
We estimate the probability of a photon to move faster than light, under the Einstein dynamics which, unlike the wave equation or Maxwell wave dynamics, has singular dispersion relation at zero momentum. We show that this probability goes…
Multiple methods for deriving the energy-momentum tensor for a physical theory exist in the literature. The most common methods are to use Noether's first theorem with the 4-parameter Poincar\'{e} translation, or to write the action in a…
For a relativistic particle moving in the presence of mean scalar and vector fields, the energy at second order in the scalar field is shown to contain two contributions in general. One is a momentum-dependent repulsive interaction…
The relativistic continuity equations for the extensive thermodynamic quantities are derived based on the divergence theorem in Minkowski space outlined by St\"uckelberg. This covariant approach leads to a relativistic formulation of the…
Recent developments in observational cosmology have led to attempts to make modifications on both sides of the Einstein equation to explain some of the puzzling new findings. What follows is an examination of the source of gravity that we…
According to the Einstein, Weinberg, and M{\o}ller energy-momentum complexes, we evaluate the energy distribution of the singularity-free solution of the Einstein field equations coupled to a suitable nonlinear electrodynamics suggested by…
The de Broglie-Einstein velocity equation is derived for a relativistic particle by using the energy and momentum relations in terms of wave and matter properties. It is shown that the velocity equation is independent from the relativistic…
Einstein's special theory of relativity starts with assumptions about how observations conducted in relatively moving inertial frames must compare. From these assumptions, conclusions can be drawn regarding the laws of physics in any one…
Motivated by a special consideration in quantum measurement, we present a new improved energy-momentum tensor. The new tensor differs from the traditional canonical and symmetric ones, and can be derived as Nother current from a Lagrangian…
Recently it has been advocated [1] that for describing nature within the minimal symmetry requirement, certain subgroups of Lorentz group may play a fundamental role. One such group is E(2) which induces a Lie algebraic Non-Commutative…