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Byte-addressable non-volatile memory (NVM) features high density, DRAM comparable performance, and persistence. These characteristics position NVM as a promising new tier in the memory hierarchy. Nevertheless, NVM has asymmetric read and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-18 Ivy B. Peng , Maya B. Gokhale , Eric W. Green

The rapid growth of deep neural network (DNN) workloads has significantly increased the demand for large-capacity on-chip SRAM in machine learning (ML) applications, with SRAM arrays now occupying a substantial fraction of the total die…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Subhradip Chakraborty , Ankur Singh , Xuming Chen , Gourav Datta , Akhilesh R. Jaiswal

Brain-inspired computing and neuromorphic hardware are promising approaches that offer great potential to overcome limitations faced by current computing paradigms based on traditional von-Neumann architecture. In this regard, interest in…

Intermittent computing systems operate by relying only on harvested energy accumulated in their tiny energy reservoirs, typically capacitors. An intermittent device dies due to a power failure when there is no energy in its capacitor and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Simone Ruffini , Luca Caronti , Kasım Sinan Yıldırım , Davide Brunelli

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) increases the requirement for edge computing with low power and relatively high processing speed devices. The Computing-In-Memory(CIM) schemes based on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Yewei Zhang , Kejie Huang , Rui Xiao , Haibin Shen

The performance of deep learning algorithms such as neural networks (NNs) has increased tremendously recently, and they can achieve state-of-the-art performance in many domains. However, due to memory and computation resource constraints,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Soyed Tuhin Ahmed , Mehdi Tahoori

Non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies such as PCM, ReRAM and STT-RAM allow processors to directly write values to persistent storage at speeds that are significantly faster than previous durable media such as hard drives or SSDs. Many…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-09-11 Nachshon Cohen , Michal Friedman , James R. Larus

In cloud and edge computing models, it is important that compute devices at the edge be as power efficient as possible. Long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks have been widely used for natural language processing, time series…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Wen Ma , Pi-Feng Chiu , Won Ho Choi , Minghai Qin , Daniel Bedau , Martin Lueker-Boden

The rise of data-intensive applications exposed the limitations of conventional processor-centric von-Neumann architectures that struggle to meet the off-chip memory bandwidth demand. Therefore, recent innovations in computer architecture…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Asif Ali Khan , Hamid Farzaneh , Karl F. A. Friebel , Clément Fournier , Lorenzo Chelini , Jeronimo Castrillon

The increasing complexity and energy demands of deep learning models have highlighted the limitations of traditional computing architectures, especially for edge devices with constrained resources. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Wei-Ting Chen

Several emerging technologies for byte-addressable non-volatile memory (NVM) have been considered to replace DRAM as the main memory in computer systems during the last years. The disadvantage of a lower write endurance, compared to DRAM,…

Binary neural networks (BNNs) that use 1-bit weights and activations have garnered interest as extreme quantization provides low power dissipation. By implementing BNNs as computing-in-memory (CIM), which computes multiplication and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Minh-Son Le , Thi-Nhan Pham , Thanh-Dat Nguyen , Ik-Joon Chang

Phase-change memory (PCM) is a scalable and low latency non-volatile memory (NVM) technology that has been proposed to serve as storage class memory (SCM), providing low access latency similar to DRAM and often approaching or exceeding the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Shihao Song , Anup Das

Co-exploration of neural architectures and hardware design is promising to simultaneously optimize network accuracy and hardware efficiency. However, state-of-the-art neural architecture search algorithms for the co-exploration are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Weiwen Jiang , Qiuwen Lou , Zheyu Yan , Lei Yang , Jingtong Hu , Xiaobo Sharon Hu , Yiyu Shi

The exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI) applications has exposed the inefficiency of conventional von Neumann architectures, where frequent data transfers between compute units and memory create significant energy and latency…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-18 James Read , Ming-Yen Lee , Wei-Hsing Huang , Yuan-Chun Luo , Anni Lu , Shimeng Yu

Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) is a biomimetic machine learning algorithm imbibing the structural and algorithmic properties of the neocortex. Two main functional components of HTM that enable spatio-temporal processing are the spatial…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-10 Lennard Streat , Dhireesha Kudithipudi , Kevin Gomez

As process technology continues to scale aggressively, circuit aging in a neuromorphic hardware due to negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) and time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) is becoming a critical reliability issue and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Shihao Song , Anup Das , Nagarajan Kandasamy

Compute-in-memory (CIM) architecture has been widely explored to address the von Neumann bottleneck in accelerating deep neural networks (DNNs). However, its reliability remains largely understudied, particularly in the emerging domain of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Qiufeng Li , Yiwen Liang , Weidong Cao

The number and diversity of consumer devices are growing rapidly, alongside their target applications' memory consumption. Unfortunately, DRAM scalability is becoming a limiting factor to the available memory capacity in consumer devices.…

The emerging hybrid DRAM-NVM architecture is challenging the existing memory management mechanism in operating system. In this paper, we introduce memos, which can schedule memory resources over the entire memory hierarchy including cache,…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2017-03-23 Lei Liu , Mengyao Xie , Hao Yang