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Related papers: Outflowing helium from a mature mini-Neptune

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Although Neptunian-sized (2 - 5 R$_{Earth}$) planets appear to be extremely common in the Galaxy, many mysteries remain about their overall nature. To date, only 11 Neptunian-sized planets have had their atmospheres spectroscopically…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-09 Matthew M. Murphy , Thomas G. Beatty , Luis Welbanks , Guangwei Fu

We report on the discovery and spectroscopic confirmation of TOI-2458 b, a transiting mini-Neptune around an F-type star leaving the main-sequence with a mass of $M_\star=1.05 \pm 0.03$ M$_{\odot}$, a radius of $R_\star=1.31 \pm 0.03$…

We present the detection of neutral helium at 10833A in the atmosphere of WASP-52b and tentative evidence of helium in the atmosphere of the grazing WASP-177b, using high-resolution observations acquired with the NIRSPEC instrument on the…

Despite the thousands of planets in orbit around stars known to date, the mechanisms of planetary formation, migration, and atmospheric loss remain unresolved. In this work, we confirm the planetary nature of a young Saturn-size planet…

Low-mass stars ($M\lesssim 2\,M_\odot$) ignite helium under degenerate conditions, eventually causing a nuclear run-away -- the helium flash. The alpha-capture process on $^{14}$N produces a large amount of $^{18}$F, whose subsequent decay…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-20 Pablo Martínez-Miravé , Irene Tamborra , Georg Raffelt

We present the 3-5 $\mu$m transmission spectrum of HD 15337 c (TOI-402.02), a sub-Neptune (2.526 R$_{\oplus}$, 6.792 M$_{\oplus}$, T$_{\rm eq}$$\sim$656 K) around a K1V star observed as part of the JWST COMPASS program. We reduce these…

Temperate ($T_{\rm eq}<400$ K) gas giants represent an unexplored frontier in exoplanet atmospheric spectroscopy. Orbiting a G-type star every ~100 days, the Saturn-mass exoplanet TOI-199 b ($T_{\rm eq}=350$ K) is one of the most favorable…

Photoevaporation is a potential explanation for several features within exoplanet demographics. Atmospheric escape observed in young Neptune-sized exoplanets can provide insight into and characterize which mechanisms drive this evolution…

The metastable helium triplet in the near-infrared (10833{\AA}) is among the most important probes of exoplanet atmospheres. It can trace their extended outer layers and constrain mass-loss. We use the near-infrared high-resolution…

For several years, the metastable helium triplet line has been successfully used as a tracer to probe atmospheric escape in transiting exoplanets. This absorption in the near-infrared (1083.3 nm) can be observed from the ground using…

TOI-2285 b is a sub-Neptune-sized planet orbiting a nearby M dwarf, discovered through the TESS photometric survey and ground-based follow-up observations. The planet was initially reported to have an orbital period of 27.27 d, making it…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-29 Akihiko Fukui

Strong atmospheric escape has been detected in several close-in exoplanets. As these planets consist mostly of hydrogen, observations in hydrogen lines, such as Ly-alpha and H-alpha, are powerful diagnostics of escape. Here, we simulate the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-17 A. Allan , A. A. Vidotto

The lack of close-in Neptune-mass exoplanets evident in transit surveys has largely been attributed either to photoevaporative mass loss or high-eccentricity migration. To distinguish between these two possibilities, we investigate the…

The young, compact, very high surface brightness but low excitation planetary nebula (PN) BD+303639 is one of the very few PNe that have been reported to exhibit the 21cm HI emission line. As part of a long-term programme to search for…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-02 Xu-Jia Ouyang , Yong Zhang , Albert Zijlstra , Chuan-Peng Zhang , Jun-ichi Nakashima , Quentin A Parker

Small planets located at the lower mode of the bimodal radius distribution are generally assumed to be composed of iron and silicates in a proportion similar to that of the Earth. However, recent discoveries are revealing a new group of…

We present the characterization of the TOI-6041 system, a bright ($V = 9.84 \pm 0.03$) G7-type star hosting at least two planets. The inner planet, TOI-6041b, is a warm Neptune with a radius of $4.55^{+0.18}_{-0.17}\,R_\oplus$, initially…

WASP-52 b is an inflated hot Jupiter with a large Roche lobe filling fraction, positioned in the hot Neptune desert. Previous in-transit observations of the helium triplet at 10833 A have reported a range of excess absorption values…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-29 F. Nail , A. Oklopčić , M. MacLeod , K. Baka , S. Czesla , E. Nagel , D. Linssen , J. Matthijsse