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We develop diffusion-based samplers for target distributions known up to a normalising constant. To this end, we rely on the well-known diffusion path that smoothly interpolates between a simple base distribution and the target, popularised…

Importance sampling is a Monte Carlo method which designs estimators of expectations under a target distribution using weighted samples from a proposal distribution. When the target distribution is complex, such as multimodal distributions…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-04 Anas Cherradi , Yazid Janati , Alain Durmus , Sylvain Le Corff , Yohan Petetin , Julien Stoehr

Sampling-based approaches are widely used in systems without analytic models to estimate risk or find optimal control. However, gathering sufficient data in such scenarios can be prohibitively costly. On the other hand, in many situations,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-16 Zhuoyuan Wang , Takashi Tanaka , Yongxin Chen , Yorie Nakahira

We study the problem of reducing the variance of Monte Carlo estimators through performing suitable changes of the sampling measure which are induced by feedforward neural networks. To this end, building on the concept of vector stochastic…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-06-05 Aleksandar Arandjelović , Thorsten Rheinländer , Pavel V. Shevchenko

We describe a novel simulation method that eliminates the slowing-down problem in the Monte Carlo simulations of imaginary-time path integrals near the continuum limit. This method combines a stochastic blocking procedure with the multigrid…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. H. Mak , Sergei Zakharov

We propose a method for pricing American options whose pay-off depends on the moving average of the underlying asset price. The method uses a finite dimensional approximation of the infinite-dimensional dynamics of the moving average…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2010-11-17 Marie Bernhart , Peter Tankov , Xavier Warin

In financial mathematics, it is a typical approach to approximate financial markets operating in discrete time by continuous-time models such as the Black Scholes model. Fitting this model gives rise to difficulties due to the discrete…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-01-11 Kathrin Hellmuth , Christian Klingenberg

Stochastic Optimal Control (SOC) problems arise in systems influenced by uncertainty, such as autonomous robots or financial models. Traditional methods like dynamic programming are often intractable for high-dimensional, nonlinear systems…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-25 Apurva Patil

In this paper, we investigate a portfolio investment problem under volatility uncertainty and short-sale constraints market via sublinear expectation which is used to model volatility uncertainty. We assume the stocks admit volatility…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-05-05 Jing He , Shuzhen Yang

In the following paper we provide a review and development of sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods for option pricing. SMC are a class of Monte Carlo-based algorithms, that are designed to approximate expectations w.r.t a sequence of…

Computation · Statistics 2010-05-27 Ajay Jasra , Pierre Del Moral

The cavity method is a well established technique for solving classical spin models on sparse random graphs (mean-field models with finite connectivity). Laumann et al. [arXiv:0706.4391] proposed recently an extension of this method to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Florent Krzakala , Alberto Rosso , Guilhem Semerjian , Francesco Zamponi

This paper proposes an eigenvalue-based small-sample approximation of the celebrated Markov Chain Monte Carlo that delivers an invariant steady-state distribution that is consistent with traditional Monte Carlo methods. The proposed…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-05 Irene Aldridge

Science and engineering problems subject to uncertainty are frequently both computationally expensive and feature nonsmooth parameter dependence, making standard Monte Carlo too slow, and excluding efficient use of accelerated uncertainty…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-10-01 Per Pettersson , Sebastian Krumscheid

A boundary-based net-exchange Monte Carlo method was introduced in [1] that allows to bypass the difficulties encountered by standard Monte Carlo algorithms in the limit of optically thick absorption (and/or for quasi-isothermal…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-03-06 V. Eymet , R. Fournier , S. Blanco , J. L. Dufresne

This paper investigates methods for estimating the optimal stochastic control policy for a Markov Decision Process with unknown transition dynamics and an unknown reward function. This form of model-free reinforcement learning comprises…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Brandon Trabucco , Albert Qu , Simon Li , Ganeshkumar Ashokavardhanan

We consider the problem of estimating the probability of a large loss from a financial portfolio, where the future loss is expressed as a conditional expectation. Since the conditional expectation is intractable in most cases, one may…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-11-25 Zhenghang Xu , Zhijian He , Xiaoqun Wang

We use a path integral approach for solving the stochastic equations underlying the financial markets, and we show the equivalence between the path integral and the usual SDE and PDE methods. We analyze both the one-dimensional and the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-12-10 Marco Rosa-Clot , Stefano Taddei

The Monte Carlo (MC) method is the most common technique used for uncertainty quantification, due to its simplicity and good statistical results. However, its computational cost is extremely high, and, in many cases, prohibitive.…

Computation · Statistics 2021-05-21 A. Cunha , R. Nasser , R. Sampaio , H. Lopes , K. Breitman

We developed a Monte Carlo simulation method to calculate incoherent Thomson scattering spectra in high temperature plasmas. The basic idea is to treat the entire scattering process as the superposition of individual photon-electron…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Kentaro Sakai , Kentaro Tomita , Takeo Hoshi , Ryo Yasuhara

The state space representation of active resident space objects can be posed in the form of a stochastic hybrid system. Satellite maneuvers may be accounted for according to control cost or heuristical considerations, yet it is possible to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-06 Guillermo Escribano , Manuel Sanjurjo-Rivo , Jan Siminski , Alejandro Pastor , Diego Escobar