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A set of Pauli stings is well characterized by the graph that encodes its commutatitivity structure, i.e., by its frustration graph. This graph provides a natural interface between graph theory and quantum information, which we explore in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Zhen-Peng Xu , Jie Wang , Qi Ye , Gereon Koßmann , René Schwonnek , Andreas Winter

The incompatibility of measurements is the key feature of quantum theory that distinguishes it from the classical description of nature. Here, we consider groups of d-outcome quantum observables with prime d represented by non-Hermitian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Owidiusz Makuta , Błażej Kuzaka , Remigiusz Augusiak

Measurement incompatibility--the impossibility of jointly measuring certain quantum observables--is a fundamental resource for quantum information processing. We develop a graph-theoretic framework for quantifying this resource for large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-21 Daniel McNulty

The commutation relations between the generalized Pauli operators of N-qudits (i. e., N p-level quantum systems), and the structure of their maximal sets of commuting bases, follow a nice graph theoretical/geometrical pattern. One may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-09 Michel R. P. Planat , Metod Saniga

In this work, we present a comprehensive exploration of the entanglement and graph connectivity properties of graph states. We quantify the entanglement in pseudo graph states using the entanglement distance, a recently introduced measure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-16 Arthur Vesperini , Roberto Franzosi

We introduce a notion of commutativity between operators on a tensor product space, nominally Pauli strings on qubits, that interpolates between qubit-wise commutativity and (full) commutativity. We apply this notion, which we call…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Ben DalFavero , Rahul Sarkar , Jeremiah Rowland , Daan Camps , Nicolas Sawaya , Ryan LaRose

Graph-theoretic structures play a central role in the description and analysis of quantum systems. In this work, we introduce a new class of quantum states, called $A_\alpha$-graph states, which are constructed from either unweighted or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Rohit kumar , Satyabrata Adhikari

Broad claims about whether adaptivity helps in quantum state tomography can be misleading unless the state family, measurement architecture, and error metric are specified carefully. We study a restricted but physically important regime:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Alireza Goldar , Zhen Qin , Zhihui Zhu , Zhe-Xuan Gong , Michael B. Wakin

Topological quantum field theory (TQFT) provides a unifying framework for describing topological phases of matter and for constructing quantum error-correcting codes, playing a central role across high-energy physics, condensed matter, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Yitao Feng , Hanyu Xue , Ryohei Kobayashi , Po-Shen Hsin , Yu-An Chen

We use random matrix theory to study the spectrum of random geometric graphs, a fundamental model of spatial networks. Considering ensembles of random geometric graphs we look at short range correlations in the level spacings of the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-06-08 Carl P. Dettmann , Orestis Georgiou , Georgie Knight

In this article we consider the graph alignment problem from the perspective of high-dimensional statistics: we aim to estimate an unknown permutation $\pi^*$ from the observation of two correlated random adjacency matrices $A_1$, $A_2$. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-30 Laurent Massoulié

Studying the geometry of sets appearing in various problems of quantum information helps in understanding different parts of the theory. It is thus worthwhile to approach quantum mechanics from the angle of geometry -- this has already…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-15 Konrad Szymański

It has been conjectured that the Pauli exclusion principle alone may be responsible for a particular geometric arrangement of confined systems of identical fermions even when there is no interaction between them. These geometric structures,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-10 Orion Ciftja , Josep Batle

Geometrically frustrated assemblies where building blocks misfit have been shown to generate intriguing phenomena from self-limited growth, fiber formation, to structural complexity. We introduce a graph theory formulation of geometrically…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-07-26 José M. Ortiz-Tavárez , Zhen Yang , Nicholas Kotov , Xiaoming Mao

A graph is an instrument which is extensively utilized to model various problems in different fields. Up to date, many graphs have been developed to represent algebraic structures, particularly rings in order to study their properties. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-25 Mohammad Hassan Mudaber , Nor Haniza Sarmin , Ibrahim Gambo

We have generalised the concept of graph states to what we have called mixed graph states, which we define in terms of mixed graphs, that is graphs with both directed and undirected edges, as the density matrix stabilized by the associated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-17 Constanza Riera , Ramij Rahaman , Matthew G. Parker

We propose a communication-assisted local-hidden-variable model that yields the correct outcome for the measurement of any product of Pauli operators on an arbitrary graph state, i.e., that yields the correct global correlation among the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-10-22 Jonathan Barrett , Carlton M. Caves , Bryan Eastin , Matthew B. Elliott , Stefano Pironio

For various purposes and, in particular, in the context of data compression, a graph can be examined at three levels. Its structure can be described as the unlabeled version of the graph; then the labeling of its structure can be added; and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Ioannis Kontoyiannis , Yi Heng Lim , Katia Papakonstantinopoulou , Wojtek Szpankowski

Graph states are multi-particle entangled states that correspond to mathematical graphs, where the vertices of the graph take the role of quantum spin systems and edges represent Ising interactions. They are many-body spin states of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Hein , J. Eisert , H. J. Briegel

Pauli matrices and Pauli strings are widely used in quantum computing. These mathematical objects are useful to describe or manipulate the quantum state of qubits. They offer a convenient basis to express operators and observables used in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-30 Maxime Dion , Tania Belabbas , Nolan Bastien
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