Related papers: A unified realization of electrical quantities fro…
One major change of the future revision of the International System of Units (SI) is a new definition of the ampere based on the elementary charge \emph{e}. Replacing the former definition based on Amp\`ere's force law will allow one to…
The new definition of the ampere calls for a quantum current standard able to deliver a flow of elementary charges, $e$, controlled with a relative uncertainty of $10^{-8}$. Despite many efforts, nanodevices handling electrons one by one…
By fixing two fundamental constants from quantum mechanics, the Planck constant $h$ and the elementary charge $e$, the revised Syst\`eme International (SI) of units endorses explicitly quantum mechanics. This evolution also highlights the…
We propose a way to realize a programmable quantum current standard (PQCS) from the Josephson voltage standard and the quantum Hall resistance standard (QHR) exploiting the multiple connection technique provided by the quantum Hall effect…
Accurate measurement of the electric current requires a stable and calculable resistor for an ideal current to voltage conversion. However, the temporal resistance drift of a physical resistor is unavoidable, unlike the quantum Hall…
A programmable quantum current generator based on the application of Ohm's law to quantum voltage and resistance standards has demonstrated a realization of the ampere from the elementary charge with a $10^{-8}$ relative uncertainty [J.…
The quantum Josephson voltage standard is well established across the metrology community for many years. It relies on the synchronisation of the flux tunneling in the S/I/S Josepson junctions (JJ) with the microwave radiation (MW). The…
We demonstrate the synchronization of current quantization in a parallel array of weakly coupled Josephson Junctions operating in the regime of the coherent quantum phase slip. The first quantized current step on the voltage-current…
The quantum Hall effect (QHE) is a cornerstone in the new International System of Units (SI), wherein the base units are derived from seven fundamental constants such as Planck's constant h and elementary charge e. Graphene has…
The Josephson effect in superconductors links a quantized output voltage Vout = f \cdot(h/2e) to the natural constants of the electron's charge e, Planck's constant h, and to an excitation frequency f with important applications in…
We report on high-accuracy measurements of quantized current, sourced by a tunable-barrier single-electron pump at frequencies $f$ up to $1$ GHz. The measurements were performed with a new picoammeter instrument, traceable to the Josephson…
A drawback of the new SI is that by fixing the value of the elementary charge $e$, the vacuum magnetic permeability $\mu_\circ$ and impedance $Z_\circ=\mu_\circ c$ are no longer fixed, but get written proportionately to $\alpha$. All…
A new resistance bridge has been built at the Laboratoire national de m\'etrologie et d'essais (LNE) to improve the ohm realization in the $Syst\`eme International$ (SI) of units from the quantum Hall effect. We describe the instrument, the…
In the Hall effect, a voltage drop develops perpendicularly to the current flow in the presence of a magnetic field, leading to a transverse Hall resistance. Recent developments with quantum simulators have unveiled strongly correlated and…
Noisy voltage sources can be a limiting factor for fundamental physics experiments as well as for device applications in quantum information, mesoscopic circuits, magnetometry, and other fields. The best commercial DC voltage sources can be…
In the quantum anomalous Hall effect, the edge states of a ferromagnetically doped topological insulator exhibit quantized Hall resistance and dissipationless transport at zero magnetic field. Up to now, however, the resistance was…
Low-capacitance Josephson junction systems as well as coupled quantum dots, in a parameter range where single charges can be controlled, provide physical realizations of quantum bits, discussed in connection with quantum computing. The…
The basis of synchronous manipulation of individual electrons in solid-state devices was laid by the rise of single-electronics about two decades ago. Ultra-small structures in a low temperature environment form an ideal domain of…
The zero-voltage state of a Josephson junction biased with constant current consists of a set of metastable quantum energy levels. We probe the spacings of these levels by using microwave spectroscopy to enhance the escape rate to the…
With the anticipated redefinition of the international system of units (SI) the base units will be linked to fundamental constants of nature [1]. As for the electrical base unit "Ampere", it will be linked to the elementary charge e,…