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Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit strong biases, e.g, against women or in favor of the number 7. We investigate whether LLMs would be able to output less biased answers when allowed to observe their prior answers to the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 An Vo , Mohammad Reza Taesiri , Daeyoung Kim , Anh Totti Nguyen

Recent advancements in Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning have enabled the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), which have significantly advanced the state-of-the-art across a wide range of tasks, including Question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Charalampos Mastrokostas , Nikolaos Giarelis , Nikos Karacapilidis

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into educational settings, understanding their potential biases is critical. This study examines sociodemographic biases in LLM-based educational counselling. We evaluate responses…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into legal workflows. However, existing benchmarks primarily address proxy tasks, such as bar examination performance or classification, which fail to capture the performance and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Haesung Lee , Gyubin Choi , Eun-Ju Lee , So-Min Lee , Youkang Ko , Dogyoon Lim , Sung-Kyoung Jang , Yohan Jo

Question answering (QA) systems are now available through numerous commercial applications for a wide variety of domains, serving millions of users that interact with them via speech interfaces. However, current benchmarks in QA research do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Fahim Faisal , Sharlina Keshava , Md Mahfuz ibn Alam , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance across various tasks, prompting researchers to develop diverse evaluation benchmarks. However, most benchmarks typically measure the ability of LLMs to respond to individual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yutao Hou , Yajing Luo , Zhiwen Ruan , Hongru Wang , Weifeng Ge , Yun Chen , Guanhua Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in simulating human behaviour and social intelligence. However, they risk perpetuating societal biases, especially when demographic information is involved. We introduce…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Bryan Chen Zhengyu Tan , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Cultural Intelligence (CQ) refers to the ability to understand unfamiliar cultural contexts, a crucial skill for large language models (LLMs) to effectively engage with globally diverse users. Existing studies often focus on explicitly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Ziyi Liu , Priyanka Dey , Jen-tse Huang , Zhenyu Zhao , Bowen Jiang , Rahul Gupta , Yang Liu , Yao Du , Jieyu Zhao

Recent progress in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly enhanced the ability of artificial intelligence systems to understand and generate multimodal content. However, these models often exhibit limited effectiveness…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Pengju Xu , Yan Wang , Shuyuan Zhang , Xuan Zhou , Xin Li , Yue Yuan , Fengzhao Li , Shunyuan Zhou , Xingyu Wang , Yi Zhang , Haiying Zhao

As language models grow in popularity, it becomes increasingly important to clearly measure all possible markers of demographic identity in order to avoid perpetuating existing societal harms. Many datasets for measuring bias currently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Eric Michael Smith , Melissa Hall , Melanie Kambadur , Eleonora Presani , Adina Williams

Large language models (LLMs) are approaching expert-level performance in medical question answering (QA), demonstrating strong potential to improve public healthcare. However, underlying biases related to sensitive attributes such as sex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ying Xiao , Jie Huang , Ruijuan He , Jing Xiao , Mohammad Reza Mousavi , Yepang Liu , Kezhi Li , Zhenpeng Chen , Jie M. Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are now widely deployed in user-facing applications, reaching hundreds of millions worldwide. As they become integrated into everyday tasks, growing reliance on their outputs raises significant concerns. In…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Robin Staab , Jasper Dekoninck , Maximilian Baader , Martin Vechev

Recent studies have highlighted the presence of cultural biases in Large Language Models (LLMs), yet often lack a robust methodology to dissect these phenomena comprehensively. Our work aims to bridge this gap by delving into the Food…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Li Zhou , Taelin Karidi , Wanlong Liu , Nicolas Garneau , Yong Cao , Wenyu Chen , Haizhou Li , Daniel Hershcovich

The development of practical (multimodal) large language model assistants for Korean weather forecasters is hindered by the absence of a multidimensional, expert-level evaluation framework grounded in authoritative sources. To address this,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Soyeon Kim , Cheongwoong Kang , Myeongjin Lee , Eun-Chul Chang , Jaedeok Lee , Jaesik Choi

The awareness of multi-cultural human values is critical to the ability of language models (LMs) to generate safe and personalized responses. However, this awareness of LMs has been insufficiently studied, since the computer science…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Wenlong Zhao , Debanjan Mondal , Niket Tandon , Danica Dillion , Kurt Gray , Yuling Gu

Recent work in benchmarking bias and fairness in speech large language models (SpeechLLMs) has relied heavily on multiple-choice question answering (MCQA) formats. The model is tasked to choose between stereotypical, anti-stereotypical, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Shree Harsha Bokkahalli Satish , Gustav Eje Henter , Éva Székely

Sarcasm is a way of verbal irony where someone says the opposite of what they mean, often to ridicule a person, situation, or idea. It is often difficult to detect sarcasm in the dialogue since detecting sarcasm should reflect the context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yumin Kim , Heejae Suh , Mingi Kim , Dongyeon Won , Hwanhee Lee

Work on bias in pretrained language models (PLMs) focuses on bias evaluation and mitigation and fails to tackle the question of bias attribution and explainability. We propose a novel metric, the $\textit{bias attribution score}$, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Lance Calvin Lim Gamboa , Mark Lee

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to propagate and amplify harmful stereotypes, particularly those that disproportionately affect marginalised communities. To understand the effect of these stereotypes more comprehensively, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zara Siddique , Liam D. Turner , Luis Espinosa-Anke

Language models (LMs) are increasingly used to simulate human-like responses in scenarios where accurately mimicking a population's behavior can guide decision-making, such as in developing educational materials and designing public…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Joy He-Yueya , Wanjing Anya Ma , Kanishk Gandhi , Benjamin W. Domingue , Emma Brunskill , Noah D. Goodman