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How can large language models (LLMs) serve users with varying preferences that may conflict across cultural, political, or other dimensions? To advance this challenge, this paper establishes four key results. First, we demonstrate, through…

Incorporating personas into conversational AI models is crucial for achieving authentic and engaging interactions. However, the cultural diversity and adaptability of existing persona datasets is often overlooked, reducing their efficacy in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Ji-Eun Han , Yoonseok Heo

Large language models (LLMs) often reflect real-world biases, leading to efforts to mitigate these effects and make the models unbiased. Achieving this goal requires defining clear criteria for an unbiased state, with any deviation from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Changgeon Ko , Jisu Shin , Hoyun Song , Jeongyeon Seo , Jong C. Park

The growing deployment of large language models (LLMs) has amplified concerns regarding their inherent biases, raising critical questions about their fairness, safety, and societal impact. However, quantifying LLM bias remains a fundamental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Alireza Arbabi , Florian Kerschbaum

LLMs have been showing limitations when it comes to cultural coverage and competence, and in some cases show regional biases such as amplifying Western and Anglocentric viewpoints. While there have been works analysing the cultural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Joseba Fernandez de Landa , Carla Perez-Almendros , Jose Camacho-Collados

Language Models (LMs) have been shown to exhibit a strong preference towards entities associated with Western culture when operating in non-Western languages. In this paper, we aim to uncover the origins of entity-related cultural biases in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Tarek Naous , Wei Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained widespread global adoption, showcasing advanced linguistic capabilities across multiple of languages. There is a growing interest in academia to use these models to simulate and study human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Shiran Dudy , Ibrahim Said Ahmad , Ryoko Kitajima , Agata Lapedriza

Bias research in NLP seeks to analyse models for social biases, thus helping NLP practitioners uncover, measure, and mitigate social harms. We analyse the body of work that uses prompts and templates to assess bias in language models. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Seraphina Goldfarb-Tarrant , Eddie Ungless , Esma Balkir , Su Lin Blodgett

Natural Question Answering (QA) datasets play a crucial role in evaluating the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), ensuring their effectiveness in real-world applications. Despite the numerous QA datasets that have been developed…

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly pivotal in various domains due the recent advancements in their performance capabilities. However, concerns persist regarding biases in LLMs, including gender, racial, and cultural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Mijntje Meijer , Hadi Mohammadi , Ayoub Bagheri

Existing studies on bias mitigation methods for large language models (LLMs) use diverse baselines and metrics to evaluate debiasing performance, leading to inconsistent comparisons among them. Moreover, their evaluations are mostly based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xin Xu , Xunzhi He , Churan Zhi , Ruizhe Chen , Julian McAuley , Zexue He

Analyzing ethnic or religious bias is important for improving fairness, accountability, and transparency of natural language processing models. However, many techniques rely on human-compiled lists of bias terms, which are expensive to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Awantee Deshpande , Dana Ruiter , Marius Mosbach , Dietrich Klakow

This paper examines how Large Language Models (LLMs) reproduce societal norms, particularly heterocisnormativity, and how these norms translate into measurable biases in their text generations. We investigate whether explicit information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Mae Sosto , Delfina Sol Martinez Pandiani , Laura Hollink

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in multilingual contexts, yet their consistency across languages on politically sensitive topics remains understudied. This paper presents a systematic bilingual benchmark study…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Ju-Chun Ko

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance on complex reasoning tasks. However, despite their strong reasoning capabilities in high-resource languages (e.g., English and Chinese), a significant performance gap persists…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Hyunwoo Ko , Guijin Son , Dasol Choi

Recent breakthroughs in self supervised training have led to a new class of pretrained vision language models. While there have been investigations of bias in multimodal models, they have mostly focused on gender and racial bias, giving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Sepehr Janghorbani , Gerard de Melo

Research has shown that while large language models (LLMs) can generate their responses based on cultural context, they are not perfect and tend to generalize across cultures. However, when evaluating the cultural bias of a language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Vitthal Bhandari

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit societal biases in their outputs, prompting ethical concerns regarding fairness and harm. In this work, we propose KLAAD (KL-Attention Alignment Debiasing), an attention-based debiasing framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Seorin Kim , Dongyoung Lee , Jaejin Lee

Social norms govern culturally appropriate behavior in communication, enabling dialogue systems to produce responses that are not only coherent but also socially acceptable. We present NormGenesis, a multicultural framework for generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Minki Hong , Jangho Choi , Jihie Kim

While the impact of social biases in language models has been recognized, prior methods for bias evaluation have been limited to binary association tests on small datasets, limiting our understanding of bias complexities. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Marta Marchiori Manerba , Karolina Stańczak , Riccardo Guidotti , Isabelle Augenstein
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