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For given graph $H$ and graphical property $P$, the conditional chromatic number $\chi(H,P)$ of $H$, is the smallest number $k$, so that $V(H)$ can be decomposed into sets $V_1,V_2,\ldots, V_k$, in which $H[V_i]$ satisfies the property $P$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Yaser Rowshan

We prove that for every oriented graph $D$ and every choice of positive integers $k$ and $\ell$, there exists an oriented graph $D^*$ along with a surjective homomorphism $\psi\colon V(D^*) \to V(D)$ such that: (i) girth$(D^*) \geq\ell$;…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-19 P. Mark Kayll , Michael Morris

We give a short proof of a bound on the list chromatic number of graphs $G$ of maximum degree $\Delta$ where each neighbourhood has density at most $d$, namely $\chi_\ell(G) \le (1+o(1)) \frac{\Delta}{\ln \frac{\Delta}{d+1}}$ as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-29 François Pirot , Eoin Hurley

A $b$-coloring of a graph is a proper coloring such that every color class contains a vertex adjacent to at least one vertex in each of the other color classes. The $b$-chromatic number of a graph $G$, denoted by $b(G)$, is the maximum…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-02-19 Amine El Sahili , Mekkia Kouider , Maidoun Mortada

Given two graphs $H$ and $G$, an $H$-tiling is a family of vertex-disjoint copies of $H$ in $G$. A perfect $H$-tiling covers all vertices of $G$. The Corradi-Hajnal theorem (1963) states that an $n$-vertex graph $G$ with minimum degree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Xinmin Hou , Xiangyang Wang , Zhi Yin

The strong chromatic number $\chi_{\text{s}}(G)$ of a graph $G$ on $n$ vertices is the least number $r$ with the following property: after adding $r \lceil n/r \rceil - n$ isolated vertices to $G$ and taking the union with any collection of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-15 Allan Lo , Nicolás Sanhueza-Matamala

The reconfiguration graph $R_k(G)$ of the $k$-colourings of a graph $G$ contains as its vertex set the $k$-colourings of $G$ and two colourings are joined by an edge if they differ in colour on just one vertex of $G$. We show that for each…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-04 Carl Feghali , Jiří Fiala

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a simple graph of maximum degree $\Delta$. The edges of $G$ can be colored with at most $\Delta +1$ colors by Vizing's theorem. We study lower bounds on the size of subgraphs of $G$ that can be colored with $\Delta$ colors.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-03-04 Marcin Kamiński , Łukasz Kowalik

For a sequence $S=(s_1, \ldots, s_k)$ of non-decreasing integers, a packing $S$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a partition of its vertex set $V(G)$ into $V_1, \ldots, V_k$ such that for every pair of distinct vertices $u,v \in V_i$, where $1…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-16 Xujun Liu , Xin Zhang , Yanting Zhang

A graph is $k$-degenerate if every subgraph $H$ has a vertex $v$ with $d_{H}(v) \leq k$. The class of degenerate graphs plays an important role in the graph coloring theory. Observed that every $k$-degenerate graph is $(k + 1)$-choosable…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-24 Tao Wang

Bounded expansion and nowhere-dense classes of graphs capture the theoretical tractability for several important algorithmic problems. These classes of graphs can be characterized by the so-called weak coloring numbers of graphs, which…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Alexander Dobler , Manuel Sorge , Anaïs Villedieu

We study a certain relaxation of the classic vertex coloring problem, namely, a coloring of vertices of undirected, simple graphs, such that there are no monochromatic triangles. We give the first classification of the problem in terms of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-10-20 Michał Karpiński , Krzysztof Piecuch

The 3-coloring of hereditary graph classes has been a deeply-researched problem in the last decade. A hereditary graph class is characterized by a (possibly infinite) list of minimal forbidden induced subgraphs $H_1,H_2,\ldots$; the graphs…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Vít Jelínek , Tereza Klimošová , Tomáš Masařík , Jana Novotná , Aneta Pokorná

A proper colouring of a graph $G$ is $\beta$-frugal if every colour appears at most $\beta$ times in the neighbourhood of each vertex. Let $\chi_\beta(G)$ denote the minimum number of colours needed for a $\beta$-frugal colouring of $G$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Quentin Chuet

Given a graphic degree sequence $D$, let $\chi(D)$ (respectively $\omega(D)$, $h(D)$, and $H(D)$) denote the maximum value of the chromatic number (respectively, the size of the largest clique, largest clique subdivision, and largest clique…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-07-10 Zdenek Dvorak , Bojan Mohar

Given a graph $G$, a vertex-colouring $\sigma$ of $G$, and a subset $X\subseteq V(G)$, a colour $x \in \sigma(X)$ is said to be \emph{odd} for $X$ in $\sigma$ if it has an odd number of occurrences in $X$. We say that $\sigma$ is an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-05 Tianjiao Dai , Qiancheng Ouyang , François Pirot

We present an explicit family of hypergraphs with arbitrarily large uniformity and chromatic number that admit realizations in both geometric and number-theoretic settings. As an application, we give a new proof of a theorem of Chen, Pach,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-23 Gábor Damásdi

A graph coloring has bounded clustering if each monochromatic component has bounded size. This paper studies such a coloring, where the number of colors depends on an excluded complete bipartite subgraph. This is a much weaker assumption…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-29 Chun-Hung Liu , David R. Wood

The distinguishing number $D(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the least integer $d$ such that $G$ has a vertex labeling with $d$ labels that is preserved only by a trivial automorphism. The distinguishing chromatic number $\chi_{D}(G)$ of $G$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-29 Saeid Alikhani , Samaneh Soltani

The chromatic discrepancy of a graph $G$, denoted $\phi(G)$, is the least over all proper colourings $\sigma$ of $G$ of the greatest difference between the number of colours $|\sigma(V(H))|$ spanned by an induced subgraph $H$ of $G$ and its…

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