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Backdoor attacks pose a serious threat to deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Current defenses typically rely on reward anomalies to reverse-engineer triggers and model finetuning to remove backdoors. However, complex trigger patterns…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yinbo Yu , Xueyu Yin , Jiadai Wang , Chunwei Tian , Sai Xu , Qi Zhu , Daoqiang Zhang

Voice interfaces are becoming accepted widely as input methods for a diverse set of devices. This development is driven by rapid improvements in automatic speech recognition (ASR), which now performs on par with human listening in many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Lea Schönherr , Katharina Kohls , Steffen Zeiler , Thorsten Holz , Dorothea Kolossa

Deep learning based voice synthesis technology generates artificial human-like speeches, which has been used in deepfakes or identity theft attacks. Existing defense mechanisms inject subtle adversarial perturbations into the raw speech…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Yuanda Wang , Hanqing Guo , Guangjing Wang , Bocheng Chen , Qiben Yan

Automatic speaker verification (ASV) is a well developed technology for biometric identification, and has been ubiquitous implemented in security-critic applications, such as banking and access control. However, previous works have shown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Haibin Wu , Yang Zhang , Zhiyong Wu , Dong Wang , Hung-yi Lee

The area of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) is experiencing increased implementation due to recent advancements in the AI (Artificial Intelligence) industry. However, this spike has prompted concerns regarding AI defense mechanisms,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Orson Mengara

Deep speech classification tasks, including keyword spotting and speaker verification, are vital in speech-based human-computer interaction. Recently, the security of these technologies has been revealed to be susceptible to backdoor…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wenhan Yao , Fen Xiao , Xiarun Chen , Jia Liu , YongQiang He , Weiping Wen

Voice Recognition (VR) facilitates a human interaction with the machine. VR may be used to replace the manual task of pushing buttons on a wireless telephone keypad. This is particularly useful when the hands of the user are busy with other…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2014-04-29 Umakant Mishra

The emergence of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) represents a significant advancement in integrating computer vision with Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate detailed text descriptions from visual inputs. Despite their growing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Weimin Lyu , Jiachen Yao , Saumya Gupta , Lu Pang , Tao Sun , Lingjie Yi , Lijie Hu , Haibin Ling , Chao Chen

Backdoor attacks have posed a significant threat to the security of deep neural networks (DNNs). Despite considerable strides in developing defenses against backdoor attacks in the visual domain, the specialized defenses for the audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Nanjun Zhou , Weilin Lin , Li Liu

This paper explores the application of artificial intelligence techniques in audio and voice processing, focusing on the integration of wake words and speaker recognition for secure access in embedded systems. With the growing prevalence of…

Deep learning models are widely deployed in many applications, such as object detection in various security fields. However, these models are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Most backdoor attacks were intensively studied on classified…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Yaguan Qian , Boyuan Ji , Shuke He , Shenhui Huang , Xiang Ling , Bin Wang , Wei Wang

Various adversarial audio attacks have recently been developed to fool automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. We here propose a defense against such attacks based on the uncertainty introduced by dropout in neural networks. We show…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-16 Tejas Jayashankar , Jonathan Le Roux , Pierre Moulin

Virtual Reality (VR) has gained popularity by providing immersive and interactive experiences without geographical limitations. It also provides a sense of personal privacy through physical separation. In this paper, we show that despite…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Zhuolin Yang , Zain Sarwar , Iris Hwang , Ronik Bhaskar , Ben Y. Zhao , Haitao Zheng

Backdoor attacks embed hidden functionalities in deep neural networks (DNN), triggering malicious behavior with specific inputs. Advanced defenses monitor anomalous DNN inferences to detect such attacks. However, concealed backdoors evade…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Manaar Alam , Hithem Lamri , Michail Maniatakos

In this work, we propose a multi-target backdoor attack against speaker identification using position-independent clicking sounds as triggers. Unlike previous single-target approaches, our method targets up to 50 speakers simultaneously,…

In recent years, the security issues of artificial intelligence have become increasingly prominent due to the rapid development of deep learning research and applications. Backdoor attack is an attack targeting the vulnerability of deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Peixin Zhang , Jun Sun , Mingtian Tan , Xinyu Wang

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems convert speech into text and can be placed into two broad categories: traditional and fully end-to-end. Both types have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial audio examples that sound benign…

The rapid adoption of deep learning in sensitive domains has brought tremendous benefits. However, this widespread adoption has also given rise to serious vulnerabilities, particularly model inversion (MI) attacks, posing a significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Wencheng Yang , Song Wang , Di Wu , Taotao Cai , Yanming Zhu , Shicheng Wei , Yiying Zhang , Xu Yang , Zhaohui Tang , Yan Li

The radical advances in telecommunications and computer science have enabled a myriad of applications and novel seamless interaction with computing interfaces. Voice Assistants (VAs) have become a norm for smartphones, and millions of VAs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Domna Bilika , Nikoletta Michopoulou , Efthimios Alepis , Constantinos Patsakis

Backdoor attacks are among the most effective, practical, and stealthy attacks in deep learning. In this paper, we consider a practical scenario where a developer obtains a deep model from a third party and uses it as part of a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Dorde Popovic , Amin Sadeghi , Ting Yu , Sanjay Chawla , Issa Khalil