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We propose a method to generate audio adversarial examples that can attack a state-of-the-art speech recognition model in the physical world. Previous work assumes that generated adversarial examples are directly fed to the recognition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Hiromu Yakura , Jun Sakuma

Defending computer networks from cyber attack requires timely responses to alerts and threat intelligence. Decisions about how to respond involve coordinating actions across multiple nodes based on imperfect indicators of compromise while…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-05 John Mern , Kyle Hatch , Ryan Silva , Cameron Hickert , Tamim Sookoor , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

With recent developments in deep learning, the ubiquity of micro-phones and the rise in online services via personal devices, acoustic side channel attacks present a greater threat to keyboards than ever. This paper presents a practical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Joshua Harrison , Ehsan Toreini , Maryam Mehrnezhad

Adversarial audio attacks can be considered as a small perturbation unperceptive to human ears that is intentionally added to the audio signal and causes a machine learning model to make mistakes. This poses a security concern about the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Mohammad Esmaeilpour , Patrick Cardinal , Alessandro Lameiras Koerich

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into daily life, audio has emerged as a key interface for human-AI interaction. However, this convenience also introduces new vulnerabilities, making audio a potential attack…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Hiskias Dingeto , Taeyoun Kwon , Dasol Choi , Bodam Kim , DongGeon Lee , Haon Park , JaeHoon Lee , Jongho Shin

Over the last few years, a rapidly increasing number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems that adopt voice as the primary user input have emerged. These systems have been shown to be vulnerable to various types of voice spoofing attacks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Yuan Gong , Christian Poellabauer

Modern Large audio-language models (LALMs) power intelligent voice interactions by tightly integrating audio and text. This integration, however, expands the attack surface beyond text and introduces vulnerabilities in the continuous,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Meng Chen , Kun Wang , Li Lu , Jiaheng Zhang , Tianwei Zhang

Adversarial attacks have exposed a significant security vulnerability in state-of-the-art machine learning models. Among these models include deep reinforcement learning agents. The existing methods for attacking reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Matthew Inkawhich , Yiran Chen , Hai Li

Audio DeepFakes (DF) are artificially generated utterances created using deep learning, with the primary aim of fooling the listeners in a highly convincing manner. Their quality is sufficient to pose a severe threat in terms of security…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Piotr Kawa , Marcin Plata , Piotr Syga

The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven audio attacks has revealed new security vulnerabilities in voice control systems. While researchers have introduced a multitude of attack strategies targeting voice control systems (VCS),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Yuanda Wang , Qiben Yan , Nikolay Ivanov , Xun Chen

Voice authentication has undergone significant changes from traditional systems that relied on handcrafted acoustic features to deep learning models that can extract robust speaker embeddings. This advancement has expanded its applications…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Kamel Kamel , Keshav Sood , Hridoy Sankar Dutta , Sunil Aryal

Adversarial attacks have become a major threat for machine learning applications. There is a growing interest in studying these attacks in the audio domain, e.g, speech and speaker recognition; and find defenses against them. In this work,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-12 Jesús Villalba , Sonal Joshi , Piotr Żelasko , Najim Dehak

Recent developments in large speech foundation models like Whisper have led to their widespread use in many automatic speech recognition (ASR) applications. These systems incorporate `special tokens' in their vocabulary, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Vyas Raina , Rao Ma , Charles McGhee , Kate Knill , Mark Gales

The combination of pre-trained speech encoders with large language models has enabled the development of speech LLMs that can handle a wide range of spoken language processing tasks. While these models are powerful and flexible, this very…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Rao Ma , Mengjie Qian , Vyas Raina , Mark Gales , Kate Knill

There has been a recent surge in adversarial attacks on deep learning based automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. These attacks pose new challenges to deep learning security and have raised significant concerns in deploying ASR…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Shehzeen Hussain , Paarth Neekhara , Shlomo Dubnov , Julian McAuley , Farinaz Koushanfar

Audio-language models combine audio encoders with large language models to enable multimodal reasoning, but they also introduce new security vulnerabilities. We propose a universal targeted latent space attack, an encoder-level adversarial…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Roee Ziv , Raz Lapid , Moshe Sipper

As speech translation (ST) systems become increasingly prevalent, understanding their vulnerabilities is crucial for ensuring robust and reliable communication. However, limited work has explored this issue in depth. This paper explores…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Chang Liu , Haolin Wu , Xi Yang , Kui Zhang , Cong Wu , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu , Tianwei Zhang , Qing Guo , Jie Zhang

The evolution of large language models into autonomous agents introduces adversarial failures that exploit legitimate tool privileges, transforming safety evaluation in tool-augmented environments from a subjective NLP task into an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Samuel Nellessen , Tal Kachman

Machine learning (ML) models serve as powerful tools for threat detection and mitigation; however, they also introduce potential new risks. Adversarial input can exploit these models through standard interfaces, thus creating new attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Betül Güvenç Paltun , Ramin Fuladi , Rim El Malki

Adversarial attacking aims to fool deep neural networks with adversarial examples. In the field of natural language processing, various textual adversarial attack models have been proposed, varying in the accessibility to the victim model.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Yuan Zang , Bairu Hou , Fanchao Qi , Zhiyuan Liu , Xiaojun Meng , Maosong Sun