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Bilevel optimization is a powerful tool for many machine learning problems, such as hyperparameter optimization and meta-learning. Estimating hypergradients (also known as implicit gradients) is crucial for developing gradient-based methods…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Youran Dong , Junfeng Yang , Wei Yao , Jin Zhang

Works on implicit regularization have studied gradient trajectories during the optimization process to explain why deep networks favor certain kinds of solutions over others. In deep linear networks, it has been shown that gradient descent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Dan Zhao

The theory of greedy low-rank learning (GLRL) aims to explain the impressive generalization capabilities of deep learning. It proves that stochastic gradient-based training implicitly regularizes neural networks towards low-rank solutions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Jiawei Zhao , Yifei Zhang , Beidi Chen , Florian Schäfer , Anima Anandkumar

We theoretically analyze the Feedback Alignment (FA) algorithm, an efficient alternative to backpropagation for training neural networks. We provide convergence guarantees with rates for deep linear networks for both continuous and discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Manuela Girotti , Ioannis Mitliagkas , Gauthier Gidel

Regularized online learning is widely used in machine learning applications. In online learning, performing exact minimization ($i.e.,$ implicit update) is known to be beneficial to the numerical stability and structure of solution. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-08 Chaobing Song , Ji Liu , Han Liu , Yong Jiang , Tong Zhang

Several algorithms involving the Variational R\'enyi (VR) bound have been proposed to minimize an alpha-divergence between a target posterior distribution and a variational distribution. Despite promising empirical results, those algorithms…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-20 Kamélia Daudel , Joe Benton , Yuyang Shi , Arnaud Doucet

Stochastic gradient descent procedures have gained popularity for parameter estimation from large data sets. However, their statistical properties are not well understood, in theory. And in practice, avoiding numerical instability requires…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-09-29 Panos Toulis , Edoardo M. Airoldi

Robust validation metrics remain essential in contemporary deep learning, not only to detect overfitting and poor generalization, but also to monitor training dynamics. In the supervised classification setting, we investigate whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Florian A. Hölzl , Daniel Rueckert , Georgios Kaissis

Data mixing--the strategic reweighting of training domains--is a critical component in training robust machine learning models. This problem is naturally formulated as a bilevel optimization task, where the outer loop optimizes domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Rudrajit Das , Neel Patel , Meisam Razaviyayn , Vahab Mirrokni

Backward error analysis allows finding a modified loss function, which the parameter updates really follow under the influence of an optimization method. The additional loss terms included in this modified function is called implicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Jinwoo Lim , Suhyun Kim , Soo-Mook Moon

Online learning makes sequence of decisions with partial data arrival where next movement of data is unknown. In this paper, we have presented a new technique as multiple times weight updating that update the weight iteratively forsame…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-09 Charanjeet , Anuj Sharma

We study three families of online convex optimization algorithms: follow-the-proximally-regularized-leader (FTRL-Proximal), regularized dual averaging (RDA), and composite-objective mirror descent. We first prove equivalence theorems that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-09-21 H. Brendan McMahan

The Matrix Multiplicative Weight Update (MMWU) is a seminal online learning algorithm with numerous applications. Applied to the matrix version of the Learning from Expert Advice (LEA) problem on the $d$-dimensional spectraplex, it is well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Weiyuan Gong , Tongyang Li , Xinzhao Wang , Zhiyu Zhang

This report explains, implements and extends the works presented in "Tighter Variational Bounds are Not Necessarily Better" (T Rainforth et al., 2018). We provide theoretical and empirical evidence that increasing the number of importance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-27 Amine M'Charrak , Vít Růžička , Sangyun Shin , Madhu Vankadari

Despite the simplicity, stochastic gradient descent (SGD)-like algorithms are successful in training deep neural networks (DNNs). Among various attempts to improve SGD, weight averaging (WA), which averages the weights of multiple models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Xiaozhe Gu , Zixun Zhang , Yuncheng Jiang , Tao Luo , Ruimao Zhang , Shuguang Cui , Zhen Li

We study a robust online convex optimization framework, where an adversary can introduce outliers by corrupting loss functions in an arbitrary number of rounds k, unknown to the learner. Our focus is on a novel setting allowing unbounded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Adarsh Barik , Anand Krishna , Vincent Y. F. Tan

Minimizing the empirical risk is a popular training strategy, but for learning tasks where the data may be noisy or heavy-tailed, one may require many observations in order to generalize well. To achieve better performance under less…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-16 Matthew J. Holland , Kazushi Ikeda

This paper focuses on training implicit models of infinite layers. Specifically, previous works employ implicit differentiation and solve the exact gradient for the backward propagation. However, is it necessary to compute such an exact but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Zhengyang Geng , Xin-Yu Zhang , Shaojie Bai , Yisen Wang , Zhouchen Lin

Weight regularization methods in continual learning (CL) alleviate catastrophic forgetting by assessing and penalizing changes to important model weights. Elastic Weight Consolidation (EWC) is a foundational and widely used approach within…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Xuan Liu , Xiaobin Chang

Neuroscientists have long criticised deep learning algorithms as incompatible with current knowledge of neurobiology. We explore more biologically plausible versions of deep representation learning, focusing here mostly on unsupervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-10 Yoshua Bengio , Dong-Hyun Lee , Jorg Bornschein , Thomas Mesnard , Zhouhan Lin