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Legal Statute Identification (LSI) for a given situation is one of the most fundamental tasks in Legal NLP. This task has traditionally been modeled using facts from court judgments as input queries, due to their abundance. However, in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Shounak Paul , Raghav Dogra , Pawan Goyal , Saptarshi Ghosh

Mathematical ability is among the most important determinants of prospering in the labour market. Using multiple representative datasets with learning outcomes of over 2 million children from rural India in the age group 8 to 16 years, the…

General Economics · Economics 2021-10-29 Upasak Das , Karan Singhal

Judicial work depends on close reading of long records, charge sheets, pleadings, annexures, orders, often spanning hundreds of pages. With limited staff support, exhaustive reading during hearings is impractical. We present CourtNav, a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Sai Khadloya , Kush Juvekar , Arghya Bhattacharya , Utkarsh Saxena

This research introduces the Judge's Verdict Benchmark, a novel two-step methodology to evaluate Large Language Models (LLMs) as judges for response accuracy evaluation tasks. We assess how well 54 LLMs can replicate human judgment when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Steve Han , Gilberto Titericz Junior , Tom Balough , Wenfei Zhou

Legal judgment prediction(LJP) is an essential task for legal AI. While prior methods studied on this topic in a pseudo setting by employing the judge-summarized case narrative as the input to predict the judgment, neglecting critical case…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Luyao Ma , Yating Zhang , Tianyi Wang , Xiaozhong Liu , Wei Ye , Changlong Sun , Shikun Zhang

Legal decision-making process requires the availability of comprehensive and detailed legislative background knowledge and up-to-date information on legal cases and related sentences/decisions. Legal Knowledge Graphs (KGs) would be a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Claudia dAmato , Giuseppe Rubini , Francesco Didio , Donato Francioso , Fatima Zahra Amara , Nicola Fanizzi

Large Language Models (LLMs), trained on extensive datasets from the web, exhibit remarkable general reasoning skills. Despite this, they often struggle in specialized areas like law, mainly because they lack domain-specific pretraining.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Mann Khatri , Mirza Yusuf , Rajiv Ratn Shah , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

Preference judgments have been demonstrated as a better alternative to graded judgments to assess the relevance of documents relative to queries. Existing work has verified transitivity among preference judgments when collected from trained…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Kai Hui , Klaus Berberich

To improve software development methods and tools for research software, we first need to understand the current state of the practice. Therefore, we have developed a methodology for assessing the state of the software development practices…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Spencer Smith , Jacques Carette , Peter Michalski , Ao Dong , Olu Owojaiye

Selecting capable counsel can shape the outcome of litigation, yet evaluating law firm performance remains challenging. Widely used rankings prioritize prestige, size, and revenue rather than empirical litigation outcomes, offering little…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Alexandre Mojon , Robert Mahari , Sandro Claudio Lera

Research stands as a pivotal factor in propelling the progress of any nation forward. However, if tainted by misconduct, it poses a significant threat to the nation's development. This study aims to scrutinize various cases of deliberate…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Kiran Sharma

A legal knowledge graph constructed from court cases, judgments, laws and other legal documents can enable a number of applications like question answering, document similarity, and search. While the use of knowledge graphs for distant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Jaspreet Singh Dhani , Ruchika Bhatt , Balaji Ganesan , Parikshet Sirohi , Vasudha Bhatnagar

The synergy between Big Data and Open Data has the potential to revolutionize information access in the developing world. Following this mantra, we present the analysis of more than a decade worth of open judgements and orders from the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-02-13 Zubair Nabi

As an important component of intelligent legal systems, legal case retrieval plays a critical role in ensuring judicial justice and fairness. However, the development of legal case retrieval technologies in the Chinese legal system is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Haitao Li , Yunqiu Shao , Yueyue Wu , Qingyao Ai , Yixiao Ma , Yiqun Liu

Ranking is used for a wide array of problems, most notably information retrieval (search). There are a number of popular approaches to the evaluation of ranking such as Kendall's $\tau$, Average Precision, and nDCG. When dealing with…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Denys Katerenchuk , Andrew Rosenberg

Hindi, one of the most spoken language of India, exhibits a diverse array of accents due to its usage among individuals from diverse linguistic origins. To enable a robust evaluation of Hindi ASR systems on multiple accents, we create a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Tahir Javed , Janki Nawale , Sakshi Joshi , Eldho George , Kaushal Bhogale , Deovrat Mehendale , Mitesh M. Khapra

Extensive research in pedestrian dynamics has primarily focused on crowded conditions and associated phenomena, such as lane formation, evacuation, etc. Several force-based models have been developed to predict the behavior in these…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-11 Kanika Jain , Shankar Prawesh , Indranil Saha Dalal , Anurag Tripathi

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) in open-ended scenarios is challenging because existing benchmarks and metrics can not measure them comprehensively. To address this problem, we propose to fine-tune LLMs as scalable judges (JudgeLM)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Lianghui Zhu , Xinggang Wang , Xinlong Wang

Case law is instrumental in shaping our understanding of human rights, including the right to adequate housing. The HUDOC database provides access to the textual content of case law from the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), along…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Mohammad Mohammadi , Martijn Wieling , Michel Vols

There is an increasing trend towards evaluating NLP models with LLMs instead of human judgments, raising questions about the validity of these evaluations, as well as their reproducibility in the case of proprietary models. We provide…