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The increasing autonomy of Large Language Models (LLMs) necessitates a rigorous evaluation of their potential to aid in cyber offense. Existing benchmarks often lack real-world complexity and are thus unable to accurately assess LLMs'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zicheng Liu , Lige Huang , Jie Zhang , Dongrui Liu , Yuan Tian , Jing Shao

Software is one of the most powerful tools that we humans have at our disposal; it allows a skilled programmer to interact with the world in complex and profound ways. At the same time, thanks to improvements in large language models…

In this paper, we demonstrate the application of Fuzzy Markup Language (FML) to construct an FML-based Dynamic Assessment Agent (FDAA), and we present an FML-based Human-Machine Cooperative System (FHMCS) for the game of Go. The proposed…

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has paved the way for the development of highly capable autonomous agents. However, existing multi-agent frameworks often struggle with integrating diverse capable third-party agents due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Weize Chen , Ziming You , Ran Li , Yitong Guan , Chen Qian , Chenyang Zhao , Cheng Yang , Ruobing Xie , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Autonomous agents empowered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have undergone significant improvements, enabling them to generalize across a broad spectrum of tasks. However, in real-world scenarios, cooperation among individuals is often…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly explored as general-purpose reasoners, particularly in agentic contexts. However, their outputs remain prone to mathematical and logical errors. This is especially challenging in open-ended…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Agnieszka Mensfelt , Kostas Stathis , Vince Trencsenyi

Simulating how team members collaborate within complex environments using Agentic AI is a promising approach to explore hypotheses grounded in social science theories and study team behaviors. We introduce VirtLab, a user-friendly,…

Low-rank adaptations (LoRA) are often employed to fine-tune large language models (LLMs) for new tasks. This paper investigates LoRA composability for cross-task generalization and introduces LoraHub, a simple framework devised for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Chengsong Huang , Qian Liu , Bill Yuchen Lin , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Min Lin

As AI Agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown potential in practical applications across various fields, how to quickly deploy an AI agent and how to conveniently expand the application scenario of AI agents has become a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Peng Xu , Haoran Wang , Chuang Wang , Xu Liu

Reinforcement learning agents in complex game environments often suffer from sparse rewards, training instability, and poor sample efficiency. This paper presents a hybrid training approach that combines offline imitation learning with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Thomas Ackermann , Moritz Spang , Hamza A. A. Gardi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled Multi-Agent Systems (MASs) where agents interact through natural language to solve complex tasks or simulate multi-party dialogues. Recent work on LLM-based MASs has mainly focused on architecture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yuxiao Ye , Yiming Zhang , Yiran Ma , Huiyuan Xie , Huining Zhu , Zhiyuan Liu

We introduce Lemur and Lemur-Chat, openly accessible language models optimized for both natural language and coding capabilities to serve as the backbone of versatile language agents. The evolution from language chat models to functional…

The evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation relies heavily on the quality and robustness of test cases. However, existing benchmarks often lack coverage for subtle corner cases, allowing incorrect solutions to pass.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jingwei Shi , Xinxiang Yin , Jing Huang , Jinman Zhao , Shengyu Tao

Developing a reinforcement learning (RL) agent often involves identifying values for numerous parameters, covering the policy, reward function, environment, and agent-internal architecture. Since these parameters are interrelated in complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Francisco Erivaldo Fernandes Junior , Antti Oulasvirta

Artificial agents' adaptability to novelty and alignment with intended behavior is crucial for their effective deployment. Reinforcement learning (RL) leverages novelty as a means of exploration, yet agents often struggle to handle novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Quentin Delfosse , Jannis Blüml , Bjarne Gregori , Kristian Kersting

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly capable, security and safety evaluation are crucial. While current red teaming approaches have made strides in assessing LLM vulnerabilities, they often rely heavily on human input and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Andy Zhou , Kevin Wu , Francesco Pinto , Zhaorun Chen , Yi Zeng , Yu Yang , Shuang Yang , Sanmi Koyejo , James Zou , Bo Li

AI agents aim to solve complex tasks by combining text-based reasoning with external tool calls. Unfortunately, AI agents are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks where data returned by external tools hijacks the agent to execute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Edoardo Debenedetti , Jie Zhang , Mislav Balunović , Luca Beurer-Kellner , Marc Fischer , Florian Tramèr

Ensuring the safety of embodied AI agents during task planning is critical for real-world deployment, especially in household environments where dangerous instructions pose significant risks. Existing methods often suffer from either high…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Junjian Wang , Lidan Zhao , Xi Sheryl Zhang

As autonomous agentic AI systems see increasing adoption across organisations, persistent challenges in alignment, governance, and risk management threaten to impede deployment at scale. We present AURA (Agent aUtonomy Risk Assessment), a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Lorenzo Satta Chiris , Ayush Mishra

In this report, we summarize the takeaways from the first NeurIPS 2021 NetHack Challenge. Participants were tasked with developing a program or agent that can win (i.e., 'ascend' in) the popular dungeon-crawler game of NetHack by…